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- The angels acquiesce to Lot’s request and don’t destroy the nearby city. Lot arrives to Tzoar.
- The destruction of Sodom: Hashem rained upon Sodom and Amora fire and brimstone, and turned over the city of Sodom and its neighboring cities.
- Lots wife: As they were fleeing from the city, Lots wife turned around and turned into a pillar of salt.
- Avraham viewed the aftermath of destruction of the city and saw smoke arising from that area.
- Lot and his daughters:
- Lot and his daughters are afraid to remain in Tzoar and they thus move to the mountains.
- The daughters, fearing the end of mankind, gave their father wine and slept with him, for the sake of having offspring. They became pregnant and each had a child from their father. The older daughter gave birth to a son called Moav while the younger daughter gave birth to a son called Amon.
- Sarah is abducted by Avimelech:
- Avraham moves to the province of Avimelech and tells them that Sarah is his sister.
- Avimelech takes Sarah to be his wife.
- Hashem came to Avimelech in a dream and warned him against touching Sarah, lest he die, as she is a married woman. Avimelech argues with Hashem, saying that he is innocent, as he was told that she is his sister, and not married.
- Avimelech was forced to return Sarah to Avraham. Avraham was asked to pray for them [to be healed], and Avimelech severely warned his townspeople from touching Sarah.
- Avimelech confronted Avraham for misleading him, and in the end Avimelech gave Avraham and Sarah cattle and money to compensate them for their suffering.
- Avraham davened for them to be healed, as all of their body cavities were sealed, and Hashem answered his prayers.
- Sarah gives birth to Yitzchak:
- Hashem remembers the promise He made to Sarah and she conceives.
- She gave birth to a son for Avraham, exactly a year from the previous year’s prediction.
- Avraham named the son, Yitzchak, and circumcised him at eight days old, as he was commanded.
Rashi Q&A – Bereishit 19:21–38 (Lot and Sodom)
Q: Why was Tzoar spared?
A: The angel agreed to Lot’s request and saved the city for his sake.
Q: Why did the angel say, “I can do nothing until you arrive”?
A: Angels admitted they had no independent power; they were punished for previously saying, “We will destroy.”
Q: Why was the city called Tzoar?
A: Because Lot said, “It is small” (מִצְעָר).
Q: When did the destruction occur?
A: At dawn, when both sun and moon were visible, to refute idolaters who worshiped either.
Q: What rained down on Sodom?
A: Sulfur and fire from heaven—initially rain, then transformed into fire.
Q: Why does the verse say “from God”?
A: Scripture often uses this phrasing for emphasis, as in other examples.
Q: How were the cities destroyed?
A: They were overturned like a rock flipped upside down.
Q: Why did Lot’s wife become a pillar of salt?
A: She sinned with salt by refusing to give it to guests, so she was punished with salt.
Q: Why did God spare Lot?
A: In Abraham’s merit—Lot had protected Abraham in Egypt by not revealing Sarah’s identity.
Q: Why did Lot’s daughters commit incest?
A: They thought the entire world was destroyed, like in the Flood.
Q: Why was wine available in the cave?
A: It was providentially prepared so they could produce offspring.
Q: Why is the older daughter’s sin described explicitly?
A: She initiated the act; the younger’s shame is partially concealed.
Q: Why did both daughters conceive immediately?
A: They removed their hymens to enable conception from the first relations.
Q: What were the names of their sons?
A: Moav (“from father”) and Ben-Ami (“son of my kindred”).
Q: Why was the younger daughter rewarded later?
A: She named her son modestly, unlike her sister.
Rashi Q&A – Bereishit 20:1–18 (Avimelech and Sarah)
Q: Why did Abraham move to Gerar?
A: To avoid Lot’s disgrace and because wayfarers no longer passed by after Sodom’s destruction.
Q: Why did Abraham say Sarah was his sister without asking her?
A: He knew she would refuse after the Pharaoh incident.
Q: What punishment struck Avimelech’s household?
A: All bodily orifices were sealed.
Q: Why did Avimelech claim innocence?
A: Abraham and Sarah both said they were siblings; he acted with a pure heart.
Q: How did God respond?
A: He agreed Avimelech acted innocently but said He prevented him from sinning.
Q: Why did God call Abraham a prophet?
A: To assure Avimelech that Abraham knew the truth and would pray for him.
Q: What gift did Avimelech give Abraham?
A: Flocks, cattle, servants, and 1000 silver pieces.
Q: What was the purpose of the silver?
A: To serve as proof of Sarah’s innocence and prevent slander.
Q: How did God heal Avimelech’s household?
A: By reopening their orifices so they could relieve themselves and give birth.
Rashi Q&A – Bereishit 21:1–4 (Birth of Yitzchak)
Q: Why is Sarah’s remembrance mentioned after Abraham’s prayer?
A: To teach that one who prays for others while needing the same thing is answered first.
Q: What does “as He had said” and “as He had spoken” refer to?
A: “Said” refers to the promise of pregnancy; “spoken” refers to the promise of a son.
Q: When was Yitzchak born?
A: At the appointed time—either after nine months (Rabbi Yudan) or seven months (Rabbi Chama).
Q: Why does the Torah stress “in his old age”?
A: To show Isaac resembled Abraham, silencing scoffers.
Q: What did Abraham do on the eighth day?
A: Circumcised Yitzchak, as God commanded.
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