Must one check books/Sefarim for crumbs of Chametz?
Background:
One must search for even an insignificant crumb of Chametz, and destroy it.[1] This applies even if one has already nullified his Chametz, or plans to nullify it before Pesach.[2] If, however, the Chametz is slightly dirty to the point that it is not fit for eating, and one has already nullified his Chametz, or plans to do so before the 6th hour, then if the Chametz is less than the size of a Kezayis, one is not required to search for this Chametz or destroy it.[3] Based on this information, we will now analyze the law regarding checking for Chametz in Sefarim.
The Law:
The debate: Some Poskim[4] rule that Sefarim/books do not need to be checked for Chametz at all. This applies even if one was not careful to avoid eating Chametz while studying from them and there is thus possibility that crumbs may have fallen inside.[5] Other Poskim[6], however, rule that all books which one was not careful to avoid using while eating, and there is thus possibility that a crumb of Chametz has fallen inside, are required to be checked for Chametz.[7] The way such books are to be checked is through opening each page individually and looking in the area of the binding to make sure that it is clean.[8] If necessary, a knife is to be used to remove any crumbs stuck in the area. It does not suffice to simply shake the book, bang it, or flip the pages in the air.[9] All Sefarim that one does not desire to check are to be included in Mechiras Chametz and be put away in the area designated for the gentile.[10]
Final ruling and custom: There is no clear arbitration from Admur on the above debate.[11] Practically, the widespread custom of the world, including Chabad, is like the first opinion, to be lenient and not require checking of books for Chametz.[12] These books are nevertheless used over Pesach and are not segregated to an area designated as sold to the gentile. Nevertheless, some are stringent throughout the year to not eat Chametz while learning from their Sefarim in order to avoid the above debate and possible necessity to check them for Chametz.[13] This especially applies starting from thirty days before Pesach, from Purim and onwards.[14] Likewise, some are stringent regarding Sefarim used on a constant basis throughout the year during meal/snack times, to either clean them thoroughly in the above-mentioned method, or to include them in the sale to the gentile.[15] The above is a proper stringency to abide by.[16] Others are completely stringent like the second opinion above, and hence perform Bedikas Chametz [as described above] to all books that have possibility of containing a crumb of Chametz, if they wish to have them accessible on Pesach [and not be segregated with the Chametz sold to the gentile].[17]
Bookcase: All the above discussion is only regarding checking the actual books through opening them and flipping through their pages, however, the bookcase itself must be checked for Chametz accoridng to all. Thus, one must at the very least remove the Sefarim from all shelves that have a Halachic suspicion of containing Chametz, and do a Bedika on these shelves.
| Summary: It is debated amongst Poskim as to whether books need to be cleaned/checked for Chametz. Practically, the widespread custom is not to require checking of books for Chametz. Nevertheless, some are stringent throughout the year to not eat Chametz while learning from their Sefarim in order to avoid the above issue, while others are stringent to perform Bedikas Chametz [in the way described above] to all books that they wish to have accessible on Pesach, and have possibility of containing a crumb of Chametz. The remainder of the books are included in the sale to the gentile and not used throughout Pesach. This is a proper stringency to abide by. Are the pages of your book/Sefer produced with Chametz starch?[18] In the paper production industry today, starch is used to bind the saw dust into paper sheets. Starch today is produced from either corn, potato, or wheat. Thus, there is great chance that oneโs Sefarim/books contains starch in the actual paper, and possibly even Chametz starch. Accordingly, even if one was stringent and cleaned his books for Pesach, or bought new books just for Pesach [i.e. a Hagadah!], there is room to abide by some of the following matters to be explained.[19] [To check if your paper contains starch, perform the iodine test explained in Chapter 6 Halacha 4] Matters that one is advised to beware when using books/Sefarim due to worry of Chametz:[20] Irrelevant of the debate of whether books must be checked for Chametz, being that it is possible that there are crumbs of Chametz in the books, either due to that one did not check them, or due to having missed an area, or due to a Chametz starch being used in their production, therefore it is strongly advised to abide by the following precautions in order to avoid the possibility of accidentally consuming a crumb of Chametz: 1. Do not bring Sefarim to the table that you eat on [even if they were cleaned for Chametz]. [However, if the Sefer is was never eaten near Chametz and one simply suspects for starch, then there is no issue, as the starch is attached to the paper and cannot accidently fall onto your food.[21]] 2. Wash hands after using the Sefer, prior to eating or touching foods. 3. Do not lick your finger to turn a page in the Sefer. 4. If food falls onto your Sefer, donโt eat the food. [However, if the Sefer was never eaten near Chametz and one simply suspects for starch, then seemingly one may eat dry foods that fall on it, as the starch is attached to the paper and cannot become attached onto your food. However, if the food is wet it is proper not to eat it.[22]] |
ืืืื ืชืฉืืืชื ืืืืกืืจ ืืขืืืช ืขื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืฅ ืืคื ืคืกืงื ืืืื”ืจ ืืืงื
ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืง ืกืคืจืื ืืคืืจืืจืื ืฉื ืืืฅ
ืืกืงื ืืช ืืจืืจืืช ืืืคืืจืฉืืช ืืืื”ื ืืื ืืืชืืืืก ืืืืืงืื ืืคืืคืืืื:
ืืืืกืืจ ืื ืืชืืจื: ืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืืืจืืืชื ืฉื ื”ื ืื”ื ืื ืชืฉืืืชื ืขื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืฅ [ืืคืืื ืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื]. [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ืื ืืงื”ื ืฉื ืก”ืง ืื, ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืงืฆืช ืคืืกืงืื ืฉืืฆื ืฉืืขืืจ ืืกืืจ ืื”ืช ืื ืืืืกืืจ ื”ื ืืชืฉืืืชื]
ืืืืกืืจ ื”ื ืื”ื ืื”ืก: ืืฉ ืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื ืฉื ื”ื ืื”ื ืืชืฉืืืชื ืขื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืฅ ืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื. [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ื, ืชืื/ืื, ืชืื/ื-ื, ืชืก/ื, ืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื-ืื, ืืชืื ืก”ืง ื ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืงืฆืช ืคืืกืงืื ืฉืืืชืจ ืืืืืืง ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืช ืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืื-ืขืืื ืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื. ืืขืืื ืืืืง ืืฆ”ืข ืฉืืืื, ืืืื ืืืฉืืข ืืืืื”ืจ ืงื”ื ืชืื ืื ืืืื ื’ ืฉืืืกืืจื ืืื ืจืง ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืื]
ืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื ืฉื ื”ื ืื”ื ืืชืฉืืืชื ืขื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืฅ ืฉืืืืื. [ืืฉืืขืืช ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ืื, ื”ื ืืชืื/ื-ื, ืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ื, ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื, ืืืจืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืืืืงืื ืืชืื/ื ืืงื”ื ืก”ืง ื]
ืืืืื ืืืขืจ ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืื: ืืืจืืช ืื ืชืืืจ ืืขืื, ืืืจืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืขืจ ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืฅ ืืคืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืฉ ืฉืื ืืืื. [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ืื, ืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ื, ืชืื ืก”ืง ื, ืืืื ืืืฉืืขืืช ืฉืืืช ืืื ืจืืฉืื ืื, ืืืื ืืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื, ืืืจืืื ืืืขืช ืืืฉ ืืืืงืื ืืชืื/ื ืืงื”ื ืฉื ืก”ืง ื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืง ืฉื ืืฆืจืื ืขืืื]
ืื ืืื ืืฉืฉ ืฉืืืืื ืืืืฅ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืง ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืฃ ืงืฆืช, ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืขืจ ืืืืชืจ ืืืฉืืืช ืืืืชื ืื ืืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืืื. [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ืื, ืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื ืืืื ื, ืืก”ืง ืื ืืืื ื]
ืคืืจืืจืื: ืคืืจืืจืื ืฉื ืืืฅ ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืื ืื”ื ืืื ืืืืกืงื ืืคื [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ื] ืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืืช [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืงื”ื ืชื ื ืก”ืง ืื ืืืืื ื’ ืืืกืืจ ืืขืช ืืจ”ื- ืืขืืื ืืืืง ืฉื ืืฆืจืื ืขืืื] ืื ืขืืกื [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ืื, ืชืก/ื] ืฉืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืื.
ืืื ื ืฉืคืืจืืจืื ืฉื ืืืฅ ืื ืืฆืืื ืืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืื ืคืืืชืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ื ืืืืืจืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืื ”ื, ื”ื ืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืขืืจ [ืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืคืื-ืื ”ื] [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ืื ืืืฉืืขืืช ืขืื ืืจืื ืืงืืืืช ืืืืื”ืจ, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื’ ืฉืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืขืจื ืื ืื ืืื ื ืืฉืืืื. ืืขืืื ืืืืง ืฉื ืืฆืจืื ืขืืื]
ืืืืงืช ืืืฅ: ืืืืืงืช ืืืฅ ืืฉ ืืืื ืืืคืฉ ืืืืขืจ ืื ืคืืจืืจ ืฉื ืืืฅ [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ืื ืืขืื ืืจืื ืืงืืืืช] ืืคืืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช [ืืจืืจ ืืืืฉืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช] ืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืืืืื. ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืง, ืื ืืืื ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืืืื, ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ”ื-ืืื ืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืคืฉื. [ืื ”ื ืชืื/ืื] ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืงืืืฉืื ืื ืืืืขืจืื ืืืฅ ืืืืืง ืื ืื ืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช. [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ื]
ืืคืืจืืจืื ืฉื ืขืืกื ืื ืืื ืฉื ืฉืืจื ืืืืจ ืืืืืื ืืขืจื ืคืกื ืฉืื ืืฉืืช ืื ืืืื ืช ืืฆื ืฉืืืืจ ืืื ืืืกืืจ- ืืืืืื ืืืขืจ ืขื ืืื ืืจืืกืชื ืืจืฆืคื ืืืงืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืกืคืืง ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืฃ. [ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ื, ืชืก/ื] ืืืฉืืข ืื ืืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืจื. [ืืขืืื ืืืืง ืฉื ืืฆ”ืข]
ืืืฉืื ืฉื ืคืืจืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช ืืืคืขืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืคืืกืงืื ืืฉืื ืคืืจืืจืื ืืืืื ื ืืื ืขื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช. [ืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื’ ืืืื ื’ ืืืกืืจ ืืขืช ืืจ”ื, ืฉื”ืข ืืืื”ืจ ืกืืื ืงืค:ื] ืืืืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืฉืืืคืืข ืืฉืื ืคืืจืืจ ืืืืื”ืจ ืืฉ ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืืืงื ืฉื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช, ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช, ืื ืฉื ืืื.
ืืกืงื ืืช ืฉืืื ื ืืจืืจืืช ืืืคืืจืฉืืช ืืืื”ื ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืงืื ืืคืืคืืืื:
ืื ืืืืฅ ื ืงื, ืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืืฉ ืื ืืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืื: ืื ืืืฆืืื ืืืฅ ืืคืืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืขืจื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืื”ื ืืกืืื ืขื [ืื ืฉื ืชืืืจ ืืชืื/ืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืขืจ ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฃ ืงืฆืช] ืืืื ืืฃ ืืคืืจืืจ ืขืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืจืงื ืืจืฆืคื, ืืจืง ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืฆืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืื ืฃ ืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืืงืง ืื ืืืขืจื ืืืืชืจ ืืืฉืืืจื ืืจืฆืคื ืืื ืืจืืข ืฉืืฆืื ืืืฆื ืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืคื ืฉืืืจื ืืืืื. [ืื ืืฉ ืืืืื ืืคืกืง ืืืื”ืจ ืืชืื/ื, ืืชืก/ื] ืืืืื, ืื ืืฉ ืื ืคืืจืืจืื ืืฉืืืื ืืฉืืช ืฉืื ืืขืจื ืคืกื ืืืื ืืืขืจ ืื ืืคืืจืืจืื ืืคืืืชืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืกืชืคืง ืจืง ืืืืืื ืืืืฅ.
ืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืขืจ ืคืืจืืจ ืืืฅ ืฉืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืคืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืฃ: ืืื ื ืฉืืฉื”ืข ืืจืืจ ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืืขืจ ืื ืคืืจืืจ ืงืื ืฉื ืืืฅ ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืฃ, ืืืคืืื ืื ืืื ื ืืฉืื, ืืื ืืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื ืื ืจืื ืืืจ ืื ืืคืกืง ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื. [ืขืืื ืืฆืจืื ืขืืื ืืืื] ืืืืขืฉื ื ืจืื ืืืืืืจ!
ืฆืจืื ืขืืื [ืื ืฉื ืจืื ืืคืขื ”ื ืืื ืกืชืืจืืช ืืืืื”ืจ]:
ืืื ืืคื ืืืืื”ื ืืฉื ื ืฉืืื ืืคืืกืงืื ืฉืกืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืคืืื ืื”ืก ืืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืืืืื? ืขืืื ืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืคืืกืงืื ืฉืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืื ืืื”ื. ืืื ืขืืื ืืกืืื ืชืื/ื-ื ืฉืฉื ืืืืืจ ืฉืคืกืง ืืื”ื ืฉืืฉ ืืืกืืจ ืืื “ืืืืจื ืืื”. ืืื ืคืงื ืืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืฉ ืืืจื ืขื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืืืืื ืฉืืคื ืืฉื”ืข ืืคื ืื ืืฉ ืืืจื [ืชืื/ื] ืืื ืืคื ืืงื”ื ืืื ืืืจื ืื ืกืคืง ืืจืืืช ืืืงื. ืืฆ”ืข! ืืขืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืจืื ืืฉ ืืื ืืืจื ืืืขืชื ืืฉื”ืข.
ืืื ืคืืจืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช ื ืืฉื ืืื ืืืืื? ืืชืื ืก’ ืื ืืืื ืืกืืืจืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืคืืื ืื ืืื ืคืืจืืจ. ืืื ืืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื ืืืืื ื ืืืกืืจ ืืขืช ืืจ”ื ืืืื ืฉืืื. ืื ืืคืขื ”ื ืืชืจืฅ ืฉืฉื ืืื ืืืขืช ืืจ”ื ืืื ืฉืขืช ืืืื”ืจ ืืฉื”ืข ืืื ืฉืืืืช ืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืชืื ืฉืืื ืฉื ืืื ืื ืืกืืืจืืื. ืืื ืขืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืจื ืืฉ ืืืกืืง ืฉืงื”ื ืื ืืื ืืืจื ืขื ืื ืฉืคืกืง ืืฉื”ืข.
ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืขืจ ืคืืจืืจืื ืคืืืชืื ืืืืืช? ืืชืื/ืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืคืฉ ืืืจ ืืคืืื ืฉืื ืคืืจืืจ ืืืฅ ืืื ืืฉืืข ืืื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืืื ืืขืื ืืืืื”ืจ ืฉืชืืื ืืืืืื ืืืขืจ ืืืฅ ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืคืืื ืื ืืืืื. ืืื ืืฉืืข ืืืืืง ืืืฉืื ืฉื ืขืฉืจืืช ืืงืืืืช ืืืืื”ืจ. ืืืฉืืข ืฉืืื ืืืืืง ืืื ืคืืจืืจ ืืฉืื ืื ืืื ื ืืฉืื, ืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช, ืืชืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืขืจ ืฉืื ืคืืจืืจ ืืืฅ ืื”ื ืืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืื ืงืฆืช ืืืื ืฃ. ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืฉืคืืจืืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืขืืจ ืฆืจืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืื ืชืืื. ืืื ืืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื ืืืื”ืจ ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืื ืืืืจื ืืืืฉืื ื “ืื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืื ืฉืืจ” ืืคืืกืง ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืื ืคืืจืืจืื ืืคืืืชืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื ื ืืฉืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืขืจื. ืืื ืื ืืฉืืข ืืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ื ืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืฉ ืฉืืืฉืื ืืืื ืคืืจืืจ ืืืฅ ืฉืืื ื ืืฉืื. ืืืฉ ืืชืจืฅ: ื) ืฉืืงื”ื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืจืง ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉื ื”ื ืื”ืก ืืื ืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืืื ืืขื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืคืฉื. ืืื ืืื ื ื ืจืื ืื ืืื ืืืืฉืื ืฉื ืืงื”ื ืืืฉืืข ืฉืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืฉ ืฉื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืชืื/ื “ืืืฃ ืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืืืชื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจืงื ืื ืฉืืจืคื” ื) ืืืืื ื”ื ืฉืื ืืืงืืืืช ืฉืืืื ืืืืื”ืจ ืืืคืฉ ืืืืขืจ ืฉืื ืคืืจืืจ ืืืฅ ืืืืื ื ืืคืืจืืจ ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืฉืืืืช “ืืืืกืงื ืืคื” ืื ืขืืกื, ืืื ืกืชื ืคืืจืืจ ืฉืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืขืจ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืฉ ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืคืฉื ืื ืืืขืจื. ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืืง ืืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืคื ืืฉืืขืืช ืื ืืืฉืื ืืช ืื ”ื. ื) ืืืืื ื”ื ืฉืืงื”ื ืฉื ืืืืื ื ืจืง ืืคืืจืืจืื ืืืจืืงืื ืืงืจืงืข ืืืจืฅ ืฉืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืื ื ืืฉืืื ืืืืขืจืื ืืฉื”ื ืคืืจืืจืื ืฉืืฉืืจ ืืงืืืืช ืืข”ืค ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืื ื ืืืืขืจืื. ืืื ืื ืืืืง ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืฉื. ืืฆ”ืข ืืืื! ืืืขื ”ื ืืื ืื ืืก ืืื ืืืืกืืง ืฉืื ืืงื”ื ืืื ื ืืชื ืจืืืื ืฉื ืื ืืืืจ ืืฉื”ืข ืฉืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืื”ืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืคืกืง ืืฉื”ืข ืฉืืกืชืื ืืืืชืจ ืขื ืืขืช ืืื”ื, ืฉืืจื ืืื ืื ืืกืชืืจื ืืืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืงื”ื ืืื ืืืฉื”ืข ืืื ืืื ืื ืกืืชืจ ืืขืชื ืืืื ืื ืฆืจืื ืืืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืืง ืืขืจืืื ืืืืงื, ืืื ืืืื ืื ื”ื ืฉืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืคืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืก ืืื ืืืงืืืข ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืืจื ืืืืจื ืืืฉื”ืข ืฉืื ืฉืืกืชืื ืื ืขื ืืขืช ืืื”ื ืืื ืืืืืืงืื ืื ”ื. ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืจืื, ืืคื ืืกืงื ืช ืืืื”ืจ ืืฉืืืื ื ืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืขืจ ืื ืืืคืฉ ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉื ืคืืจืืจ ืืืฅ ืืื ืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืขืจ ืืืฅ ืฉื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืื ืืจืื ืืคืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื. ืืฆ”ืข ืื’ ืืืืจ ืขืื ืื ื!
ืืื ืืฉ ืืืกืืจ ื”ื ืื”ื ืขื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืื: ืืคืืจืฉ ืืืื ืืงืืืืช ืืืืื”ืจ [ืขืืื ืืขืื] ืฉืืื ืืืกืืจ ื”ื ืื”ื ืืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืฃ ืืืชืจ ืืืืืืงื ืืืืช. ืืื ืืชืื ืก”ื ืืฉืืข ืฉืืืฉืฉ ืืืขื ืฉืื ืขื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืื ืืฉ ืืืื ืืืขืจ ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืคืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืฃ ืืื ืืื ืืขืช ืืจืื”ื ืืืืื ืืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื. ืืืคื ืื ืืฉ ืืืขืจ ืืืืฅ ืื ืื ืืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืื ืฃ ืืืืืื.
ืืื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืื ืฃ: ืืชืื/ืื ืืชื ืืืื ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืฉืืื ื ืจืืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืืชืื/ื ืืชืก/ื ืืชื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืจืืง ืืคืืจืืจืื ืืจืฆืคื ืืืืจืกื ืืืฉืืข ืฉืขื ืฉืืื ื ืืืจืกื ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืฃ. ืืื ืืืื ืืงืืืืช ืคืกืง ืฉืืฉ ืืืคืฉ ืืืืขืจ ืืืืฅ ืฉื ืืฆื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืืืืืื ืืืคื ืืขืืืจ ืืื. ืื ืืคืขื ”ื ืืชืจืฅ ืืืื ืืืคื ืื: ื) ืืชืื ืฉืื ืืงืืืืช ืืื ืื ืจืืื ืืกืืชืจืื ืืืกืื ืฉื ืชืื/ืื, ืืืืจืื ืขื ืคืืจืืจ ืฉื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช ืื ื) ืฉืจืง ืื ืืคืืจืืจ ืขืฆืื ื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฃ ืื ื ืืฉื ืืื ื ืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ื ื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฃ ืื ืืข”ืค ืฉื ืืฆื ืืืงืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฃ ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืื ื, ื”ื ืืฉ ืืืขืจื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืคืืจืืจ ืื ืืืืขื ืืืงืื ื ืงื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืขืฆืื ืืืืฃ, ืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืืฉืืข ืืืืืง ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืฉืืื ื ืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืจืืฆืื ืืืืืื. ืื) ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืฆืื ืืคืืจืืจ ืืื ืืืฆื ื ืงื ืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืขืื ืืื ืคื ืืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืืื ืืชืื ืืชืก ืคืกืง ืฉืืฉ ืืืขืจื ืืงืจืงืข ืขื ืืื ืืจืืกืช ืจืื.
ืื ืืฉ ืืขืฉืืช ืขื ืคืืจืืจื ืืืืฅ ืฉืื ืคืืืชืื ืืืืืช ืืฉืืช ืฉืื ืืขืจื ืคืกื: ืืชืื/ื ืืชืก/ื ืืชื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืจืืง ืืคืืจืืจืื ืืืงืื ืืจืฆืคื ืืืืจืกื ืขื ืฉืืืื ืืืืขืจืื. ืืงืฉื ืฉืืจื ืคืกืง ืืชืื/ืื ืฉืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืืื ืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืขืจ ืื ืื ืืืื ืคืื ืงืฆืช ืืืืืื ืืกืคืืง ืืืืจืงื ืืืงืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืจืืก ืขืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืขืจื. ืืืฉ ืืชืจืฅ ืืืื ืืืคื ืื: 1) ืืืืช ืขื ืฉืืื ื ืืืจืกื ืืขืคืจ ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืฃ ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืฉื ืชืืืจ ืืชืื/ืื, ืืื ืืฉืืข ืืื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืขืจ ืื ืคืืจืืจืื ืื ืืฆืืื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืคื ืืขืืืจ, ืืืขืื. ืืื ืืืืง ืืืื ืืคืจืฉ ืกืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืฉืืืื”ืจ ืืืืืจื ืืืืจ ืืืขืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืืื ื ืฉื ืืืื”ืจ ืืืืืื ืืืื ืฃ ืงืฆืช! 2) ืืชืื/ื ืืชืก/ื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืคืืจืืจืื ืฉืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืื ืื ืคืืืชืื ืืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืจืงื ืืื ืืงืื ืฉื ืืืืื. 3) ืืชืื/ื ืืชืก/ื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืคืืจืืจืื ืฉืื ืืจืืข ื ืงืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืขืจื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืื”ื ืืกืืื ืขื [ืื ืฉื ืชืืืจ ืืชืื/ืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืขืจ ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฃ ืงืฆืช] ืืืื ืืฃ ืืคืืจืืจ ืขืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืจืงื ืืจืฆืคื, ืื ืจืง ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืฆืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืื ืฃ ืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืืงืง ืื ืืืขืจื ืืืืชืจ ืืืฉืืืจื ืืจืฆืคื ืืื ืืจืืข ืฉืืฆืื ืืืฆื ืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืคื ืฉืืืจื ืืืืื. ืืืืืื, ืื ืืฉ ืื ืคืืจืืจืื ืืฉืืืื ืืฉืืช ืฉืื ืืขืจื ืคืกื ืืืื ืืืขืจ ืื ืืคืืจืืจืื ืืคืืืชืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืกืชืคืง ืจืง ืืืืืื ืืืืฅ.
ืืืกืงื ื, ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืคืฉ ืืืืขืจ ืืคืืจืืจืื ืื ืืฆืืื ืืกืคืจืื ืืคื ืฉืืืช ืืืื”ืจ ืืืงื: ยท ืืื ืื: ื ืืืืื ืืืงื ืื ืืื ืืกืืื ืื”ื ืื ืืืืืง ืืกืคืจืื ืืืืฅ ืืจืื ืืืชื ืื ืกืืืช ืืืชื ืืืจืฉืืช ืืืื 770 ืืฉืชืืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืกืคืจืื ืืื ืืืืงื. [ืืจืื ืื ืืืง ืฉืื ืกืคืจ ืืืืจื-ืขื ืคื ืืจืื”ื, ืืืืืช ืืืงื ืจืง ืืขื ืืกืคืจ-ืขื ืคื ืืืฉื”ืง ืืก”ื ืืืืจืฉืืื.] ยท ืืขื ืืื ืื: ื”ื ืืื ืืขืืื: ื) ืืคืืจืืจืื ืฉืืชืื ืฉืืฉ ืืกืคืจืื ืื ืคืืืชืื ืืืืืช, ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืืขืจืื ืืืื [ืืืขืช ืืืื”ืจ ืืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื, ืืื ืืคืกืงื ืืฉื”ืข] ื) ืคืืจืืจืื ืืื ื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืคืื ืืืื ื ืืขื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืคืฉื ืื ืืืขืจื. [ืืืขืช ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ืื ืืืื ืืืงืฉืืช ืืกืืื ืชืื ืื ืชืก ืฉืืจื ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืฉื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช ืื ืฉืฉื ืฉืื ื ืืืื ืฉืืจืืข ืืื ืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ื ืขืืืื ืืืื ืฃ ืืืื ืืื ื ืืกืคืืง ืืื ืคื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืขืจื.] ื) ืืคืืจืืจืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืืจืช ืืืฅ ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืฉ ืืืืชื ืฉืืืื ืืืืืื [ืื ”ื] ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืจื ืืกืื ืืืฅ ืื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืจ ืืืืืฆื. ยท ืขื ืืกืืก ืื ”ื ืืืชืจ ืืืงื ืืื ืืืืืง ืืกืคืจืื ืืกืคืจืืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืื ืืคืกื. ืืืคืจื ืืืชื ืืืจืืฉืช. ืืื ืื ืื ืืฉืืืช ืืืื”ืจ ืืฉืืืื ื! ยท ืืงืื ืืืืืืจ: ืืฉ ืืงืื ืืืืืืจ ืืื [ืืื ืืืื ืื] ืืืขืฉืืช ืืืืงื ืืกืคืจืื [ืื ืืืืจื ืืืื] ืขื ืืกืืก ืฉืืืื ื) ืืคืืจืืจ ืืื ื ื ืืฉื ืืืื ืฃ ืขื ืคื ืืืื [ืขืืื ืืฆืจืื ืขืืื ืืืขืื ืืืืคื ืื’], ืืืื ืืคืกืืง ืฉืืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื ืืืื”ืจ ืืืจ ืืคืกืงื ืืฉื”ืข. ื) ืืฉ ืืืฉืืฉ ืืืืขืืช [ืืืืืื ืืขืื, ืืืืืื”ืจ ืงื”ื ืชืื ืก”ืง ืื ืืืจืืื ืืชืื/ื] ืฉืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืืืขืืจ [ืืคืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืฃ] ืืืคืกื ืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืจืืช. ื) ืืฉืจืื ืงืืืฉืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืขืจ ืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืฆืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืขื ืคื ืืืื. [ืืืื”ืจ ืชืื/ื] ยท ืืจืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ”ื ืืืฉื ืื ืืฉื ื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืฅ ืืื ืืกืคืจืื ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืขืืื ืื ืืกืคืจ ืืขืฆื ืืืื ืืื. ยท ืืจืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืงืืช ืืกืคืืจื ืฉืืฉืชืืฉื ืืืื ืืกืขืืืืช ืืืฉื ืืฉื ื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืจื ืืืื. ืืื ”ื ืืืืืจื. ยท ืืืืข ืื ื ืฉืขื ืื ืื ”ื ืืืจื ืื ืืืงื ืืืืื ืคืืกืงื ืืืจื ื ืืืคื ืื, ืืื ืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืคืืืจืื, ืืืืกืก ืขื ืืืขืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืฉืขืืื ื, ืื ืืจื ื ืืจื ืืืคืฉืืื ืืื ืงืืืื ืืืฉืคืื ืืขืฉื ืืคื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืจืจ ืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืื ืื ืื”ื ืขื ืคื ืคืกืงื ืืืืืจ ืืืงื.
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[1] Admur 433:13 โPerhaps any crumb of Chametz fell from itโ; 442:28 and 446:3 [regarding less than Kezayis]; 444:9 โThe thin crumbs..โ [however, possibly there it refers to more than a Kezayis]; 432:11 โPerhaps a small crumb will fall from itโฆ.and he will need to search for it as he might find something.โ; 433:17 โMaybe they hid a little bit of Chametz thereโ; 433:18 โPerhaps it fell and a little bit of Chametz rolled underโ; 433:25 โSmall crumbs do not have to be picked up if they are in an area that people step on them and they get destroyedโ; 433:39 โPerhaps there is in there a small amount of Chametzโ; 434:1 โOne must guard it so no Chametz piece break away from itโ; 434:6 โThe crumbs of Chametz that he did not find in his Bedika are nullified on their ownโ; Chayeh Adam 119:10; Poskim in MโB 442:33
Background: In the end of 433:13 Admur says that one needs to check for even โShum Pirur Chametzโ and in 442:28 that Rabbinically one may not own even less than a Kezayis. In 444:9 Admur rules that one needs to destroy the small leftover crumbs when Erev Pesach falls on Shabbos, and in 446:3 that on Pesach one must destroy even less than a Kezayis of Chametz which one has done bittul to.
Other opinions of Admur: In Kuntrus Achron 442:18 Admur rules that all insignificant crumbs which are less than a Kezayis, not a Geluska Yafa, and is not dough, are automatically nullified and considered destroyed, thus implying that one is not required to search for, or destroy, insignificant crumbs of Chametz. This directly contradicts all the sources above. Perhaps in truth this Kuntrus Achron represents a retracting of Admurโs position from that which he held in his Shulchan Aruch. Vetzaruch Iyun!
The reason: As the Sages decreed against owning even less than a Kezayis of Chametz, lest one come to own a Kezayis. [Admur 442:28] This decree only applies in a case that one did not nullify his Chametz before Pesach, or does not plan to do so. In such a case, one transgresses a Rabbinical prohibition of Baal Yiraeh over such Chametz, even though it is less than a Kezayis. If, however, one nullified the Chametz, then it follows the law and reason explained next. [Admur Kuntrus Acharon 446:1]
Other opinions: Some Poskim rule one is not required to search for a crumb of Chametz which is less than a Kezayis. [Opinion brought in Admur 446:3 regarding nullified Chametz and Kuntrus Achron 442:18 regarding even unnullified Chametz; Admur KUโA 442:18 in understanding of Rosh Pesachim 3:2 and other Poskim that all crumbs are nullified and donโt need to be destroyed; MโA 442:12 and Admur 446:3 in their understanding of all the following Poskim to refer to nullified Chametz although in KUโA 442:18 Admur understands them to refer to even unnullified Chametz: Abayey in Pesachim 45a; Riy in Tosafos ibid; Rosh 3:2; Tur 442 in name of Rosh; Peri Chadash 442:7; See many Poskim in Nitei Gavriel 3 Teshuvas 1 and Chazon Ovadia Hagadah who hold that crumbs which are less than a Kezayis do not need to be destroyed.]
[2] Admur 442:28; 446:3; KUโA 438:2 and 446:1
The reason: One must search for even less than a Kezayis crumb of Chametz which is anyways nullified because one may come to forget and inadvertently eat it on Pesach. [Admur 442:28; Kuntrus Achron 446:1; See Kuntrus Achron 438:2] It, however, is not prohibited due to a Rabbinical Baal Yiraeh prohibition [as if it was already nullified it would be a double Dirabanan, which is a decree upon a decree]. [Kuntrus Acharon 446:1] Due to this, one does not say a blessing of Bedikas Chametz if one only has suspicion that less than a Kezayis of Chametz has remained to be checked for. [Admur 432:5] Likewise, when burning less than a Kezayis of nullified Chametz on Pesach, a blessing may never be said. [Admur 446:3; Kuntrus Acharon 446:1]
Other opinions: Many Poskim rule it is permitted even Rabbinically to own less than a Kezayis of Chametz which has been nullified before Pesach. [See previous footnote!]
[3]Admur 442:28; KUโA 442:16 gloss 1 and 442:18 gloss 3; MโA 442:10; Yireim 301; Hagahos Maimanis 2:15 Taf
The reason: As less than a Kezayis of nullified Chametz is not prohibited due to a Rabbinical owning prohibition of Baal Yiraeh, but rather simply due to worry that one may come to eat it. Now, since when the Chametz is dirty there is no need to suspect that one will come to eat it, therefore, there is no need to get rid of it. [See Admur Kuntrus Achron 446:1]
Other opinions: Some Poskim rule that even nullified Chametz that is less than a Kezayis is forbidden Rabbinically due to the prohibition of Baal Yiraeh/Tashbisu, and thus must be destroyed even if dirty. [Opinion inferred from Admur 446:3 and KUโA 1; Shiltei Giborim Pesachim 3:2-2, brought in Admur KUโA 442:18 in first gloss; Ran Pesachim 3a as understands Peri Chadash 466, brought and negated in Admur KUโA ibid]
What is the definition of dirty? Seemingly it does not suffice for the crumb to be in a dirty area, but it must also visibly contain phsyical dirt on it and thus no matter where this crumb will reach people will avoid eating it. [So is implied from 1) Admur 442:28 who writes that it must be slightly dirty to the point that it is not fit for eating; 2) Many Halachos in Admur ibid in which one must search for a crumb even though it is in cracks around the house, or in the mouth of a rat, or is a crumb which people would anyways not eat, as brought in Admur 434:6, and certainly people will not come to eat it. Thus, we must conclude that the actual Chametz must be drity [However, perhaps one can say that in those areas of Admur it refers to a more than Kezayis crumb, or that back then people were more prone to eat these things, as opposed to today.] 3) See Admur Kuntrus Achron 433:4 Gloss 2 that โWhener there is suspicion that it can come to being eaten, even through many suspicions, the Sages suspected.โ And hence if the actual crumb does not contain physical dirt, it is not considered dirty and must be destroyed. Vetzaruch Iyun as the above refers to the Rabbinical Baal Yiraeh, and not to the general worry of โperhaps he may eatโ]
May one dirty a less than Kezayis nullified piece instead of destroying it? Vetzaruch Iyun if one finds a less than a Kezayis piece of Chametz which was nullified, if it sufficed for one to dirty it to the point that people will not come to eat it, or to simply throw it out of oneโs house on Pesach. See, however Admur 444:9 and 460:6 from which it is implied that it does not suffice to throw less than Kezayis nullified crumbs onto the ground [to dirty them] and rather one must destroy them. However, perhaps there it refers to more than a Kezayis. Vetzaruch Iyun!
Must one actively nullify a less than Kezayis piece? All insignificant size crumbs of baked Chametz which are less than a Kezayis is considered automatically nullified, and thus it is not necessary to actively nullify it before Pesach. However, a significant size crumb of baked Chametz even if less than a Kezayis is not considered automatically nullified, and thus must actively be nullified before Pesach. [See Admur 434:6; 460:5] A piece of dough is considered significant and must be actively nullified before Pesach. [Admur ibid]
[4] All Poskim who rule that insignificant crumbs, or less than a Kezayis, do not need to be checked, as brought in other opinions above; Possible way of learning Admur 442:28 that these crumbs are considered dirty and donโt need checking; Possible way of learning Admurโs final conclusion based on Kuntrus Achron 442:18 that insignificant crumbs are considered nullified and destroyed; Or Letziyon 1:32 that he did not see this accustomed; Haggadah Chazon Ovadia; Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach; Madrich Eida Hachareidis; Nitei Gavriel footnote 9 and in Teshuvos 1 that from the letter of the it does not need to be checked; Rav Eli Landau related to me that in his fatherโs home, they were very particular during the year not to place Sefarim near Chametz or on a table with Chametz. They thus did not clean out the Sefarim before Pesach.
The Rebbeโs custom: Rabbi Groner related to me regarding the Sefarim in the Rebbeโs office that โWe did not check the seforim in the room, and neither did the Rebbeโ However, the Mashbak Chesed Halbershtam related to me that he had the job in the Rebbeโs home to clean all the books that the Rebbe learned from while there was Chametz on the table. โI would take the books to the porch on the third floor and open the books into the air, one page at a time. Each page was cleaned.โ
[5] The reason: 1) As the crumbs of Chametz found in between the binding of a book is certainly less than a Kezayis and it is dirty, and thus it may be owned if one does Bittul. [See Admur 442:28, brought in Introduction] 2) Possibly we rule like Admur in Kuntrus Achron 442:18 that crumbs are considered destroyed on their own and donโt need checking or destruction. 3) Possibly the crumbs found in a closed book are crushed and thus considered destroyed, similar to those which are on the ground in areas where people walk. 4) Today we sell all our Chametz to the gentile, and include even our worthless crumbs in the sale, thus, there is no need to search for it as it is the gentiles Chametz, and there is no worry that one may accidentally come to eat it, as people are disgusted by such crumbs, and would not eat it even during the year.
[6] Possible way of learning Admur 433:13 that all crumbs must be checked even if insignificant, and its not considered dirty unless there is physical dirt on it that can be seen; Maaseh Rav of Gra 178; Aruch Hashulchan end of 447 that from Purim and onwards one is to be careful that crumbs do not fall inside; Yeshuos Chochma on Kitzur SHUโA [use a knife to edge out the Chametz from between the pages]; Chazon Ish 116:18; Orchos Rabbeinu Pesach 21; Mishneh Halachos 7:64; Piskeiy Teshuvos 431:4; Sefarim brought in Nitei Gavriel footnote 9; Tzanzar Rebbe that so is Minhag of Klal Yisrael of many generations, brought in Nitei Gavriel ibid; Nitei Gavriel concludes in his Teshuvos that the custom is to do so, and hence one is not to be lenient
[7] The reason: As 1) Admur rules that even a mere crumb must be destroyed if it is not dirty to the point of inedibility, and in truth the crumbs in Sefarim are not dirty to the point of inedibility. 2) As we suspect for the Poskim who rule that even a dirty crumb needs to be destroyed. [See Admur 446:3 and Kuintrus Achron 442:18] 3) As Yisrael Keodhism Heim and destroy Chametz even when not obligated. [See Admur 442:30]
[8] See Yeshuos Chochma ibid; Based on the rulings of Bedikas Chametz [one is to check the Sefarim specifically at night, as initially one may not perform Bedikas Chametz during daytime even in the face of sunlight. Performing Bedikas Chametz by daytime is invalid even Bedieved if it was not done outside, or opposite a window. [Admur 433:5-6] See however Shevet Halevi 1:136 regarding checking the pockets of clothing
[9] Pashut as a) Doing so does not remove crumbs which are stuck deep in the area of the binding of the page and b) the Mitzvah of Bedikas Chametz requires physically seeing the area, and thus to fulfill the stringent opinion one must look in between each page. See previous footnote!
[10] Madrich Eida Hachareidis for Machmirim
[11] See footnotes above that it is possible to learn either way into Admurโs opinion!
[12] Madrich of Eida Hachareidis that so is custom; So is evident from all Shulโs and Batei Midrashim throughout the world, including Chabad, that they are not particular to check all the Sefarim of their library for Chametz, even though people often eat Chametz while learning from them throughout the year, and nevertheless they go ahead and still use it over Pesach for learning. Likewise, Rabbi Groner related to me regarding the Sefarim in the Rebbeโs office that โWe did not check the Seforim in the room, and neither did the Rebbe.โ Now, although some are particular to shake or flip through the Sefarim, as stated above, this is worthless and does not accomplish a true Bedika according to Halacha, as required by the second opinion. However, see Nitei Gavriel ibid and in his Teshuvos that the custom of Jewry is to clean the Sefarim, and seemingly different areas follow different customs
[13] So I was told by Rav Eli Landa Shlita
[14] Aruch Hashulchan ibid
[15] So I was told by Rav Eli Landa Shlita; Madrich Eida Hachareidis
[16] The reason: As a) Perhaps the crumbs found in Sefarim are not truly defined as dirty or inedible, and thus must be destroyed. b) Even if we were to hold like the first opinion, Yisrael Kedoshim Heim and are Machmir to destroy Chametz even when not required.
[17] Madrich Eida Hachareidis
[18] See here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780127462752000185 โThe papermaking process consists of several major steps: stock preparation, sheet forming, pressing, drying, and surface finishing. Starch is an important component of many paper grades. Starch consumption by weight in papermaking and paper conversion processes ranks third after cellulose fiber and mineral pigments. Starch is used as a flocculant and retention aid, as a bonding agent, as a surface size, as a binder for coatings, and as an adhesive in corrugated board, laminated grades, and other products. The major starch sources are corn, potato, waxy maize, wheat, and tapioca. Refined starches are supplied in powder form or as slightly aggregated pearl starch. Unmodified (native) starch is rarely used in the paper industry, except as a binder for laminates and in the corrugating process. Most starches for use in papermaking are specialty products that have been modified by controlled hydrolysis, oxidation, or derivatization. This chapter also covers various topics such as: application requirements for starch, dispersion of starch, environmental aspects of starch, starch analysis in paper, and use of starch in papermaking furnish, for surface sizing of paper, as a coating binder, as adhesive in paper conversion, and in newer specialty papers.โ
[19] However, technically one can argue that even if the starch is Chametz based, itโs paper mixture is nullified from edibility to a dog, and hence since one never has any intent to eat it, therefore there is no need to worry of having it on the table and or eating from food that fell on it. [See Admur 442:34] Furthermore, perhaps the starch is well ironed into the paper that there is no chance of any of it flicking of and entering oneโs food.
[20] See Madrich Eida Hachareidis; Heard from Harav Eli Landa Shlita
[21] Heard from Harav Eliyahu Landa Shlita
[22] Heard from Harav Eliyahu Landa Shlita
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