Misc. Q&A

May one say “This meat is for Pesach Sheiyni”?[1] One is to avoid doing so.   Does an Avel pray for the Amud on Pesach Sheiyni? Yes. However some are accustomed to avoid doing so. [1] Piskeiy Teshuvos 492/1 Bookmark

Eating Matzah

Matzah: It is customary to eat Matzah in honor of Pesach Sheiyni.[1] When? Many are accustomed to eat Matzah on Pesach Sheiyni, on the day of the 14th of Iyar.[2] Some are accustomed to eat it towards the afternoon.[3] Others are accustomed to eat Matzah [only or also[4]] on Motzei […]

Tachanun

Tachanun: Tachanun is omitted on Pesach Sheiyni, which is the 14th of Iyar.[1] It is however recited the Mincha prior, on the 13th of Iyar.[2] [Thus when the 13th falls on Shabbos, Tzidkascha is recited by Mincha.] Tachanun is likewise omitted on the night of the 14th in Kerias Shema […]

Meaning

  Background of Pesach Sheiyni:[1] In the times of the Temple, a person who did not bring the Pesach offering in the 14th of Nissan, either due to being impure or due to being a distance from Jerusalem, was required to bring the offering a month later, on the 14th […]

Pirkei Avos

Reciting Pirkei Avos:[1] It is customary to recite Pirkei Avos on every Shabbos between Pesach and Shavuos.[2] Some are accustomed to continue reciting it after Shavuos, throughout the summer months, until Rosh Hashanah.[3] [Practically, the Chabad custom is to say Pirkei Avos until Rosh Hashanah.[4] On the Shabbosim which are […]

Vayehi Noam

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha Saying Vayehi Noam by Maariv of Motzei Shabbos:[1] Whenever Pesach, or any Yom […]

The Haftorah

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha The Haftorah on Shabbos Hagadol that falls on Erev Pesach:[1] The custom in […]

Avadim Hayinu

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha Saying Avadim Hayinu:[1] The custom in these provinces is that [after[2]] Mincha of […]

Isru Chag

Isru Chag:[1] The name:[2] The day after each of the three Holidays is called Isru Chag.[3] The name Isru Chag derives from the verse “Isru Chag Baavosim Ad Karnei Hamizbeiach”. This means to say that this day is to be attached [i.e. Isru] to the Holiday itself, and by doing […]

The miracle

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha The miracle of Shabbos Hagadol:[1] The Shabbos before Pesach is called Shabbos Hagadol, […]

Eating/Buying Chametz after Pesach

Eating/Buying Chametz that was owned by a Jew over Pesach:[1] The Chametz of a Jew which was owned on Pesach is forbidden in benefit for all Jews.[2] This applies whether it was owned throughout the entire Pesach, or was only owned through part of Pesach [such as he acquired it […]

Drasha

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha To teach the laws and the meaning of the festival on the Shabbos […]

Eating Chametz before sale

May one begin to eat Chametz after Pesach prior to the conclusion of the sale?[1] Yes.[2] Doing so does not border on stealing from the gentile or any other transgression.[3] This especially applies in those sale contracts that make an explicit stipulation with the gentile that one may eat the […]

Teaching the laws on actual Yom Tov

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha To teach the laws and the meaning of the festival on the day […]

Separating flour from the Matzos

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha Separating part of the flour to be used for the Matzah:[1] Some of […]

9. Reading the Nassi in Nissan

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha The reading of the Nasi:[1] Starting from the first of Nissan until the […]

8b. Fasting during Nissan

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha Fasting:[1] One does not fast in the month of Nissan, even a Taanis […]

8. Customs applicable in Chodesh Nissan

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha 8. Customs applicable in Chodesh Nissan: A. Omitting Tachanun and other prayers of […]

8a. Omitting Tachanun during Nissan

*The article below is an excerpt from the above Sefer *As an Amazon Associate I earn from  qualifying purchases. Buy in Paperback or Kindle Buy on Apple Books Buy on Website Hilchos Pesach Learning Course + Semicha Omitting Tachanun and other prayers of supplication in the month of Nisan:[1] The […]

Checklist

  Checklist of what to look for when purchasing Daled Minim: The following is a list of matters one is to look for to purchase a Kosher and Mehudar set of Daled Minim.   Esrog: It is a Calabria Esrog from Italy [not Kfar Chabad]. Verify there are no missing […]

Chassidus

  Sparks of Chassidus A Mitzvah Of Unity: The Mitzvah of Daled Minim represent unity in many factors: Makes unity amongst the Sefiros of Atzilus:[1] In general the mitzvah of the four species represents unity of the Jewish people, which is apparent in each of the four species as will […]

Dryness

Dry Leaves:[1] If majority of the leaves have dried it is invalid.[2] The definition: The definition of dry is if the leaves have dried to the extent they lost their coloring and have turned white.[3] If they have not yet turned white they are valid even if they are dried […]

Purchasing a Shemitah Esrog

  May one sell or purchase a Shemita Esrog? In the Sukkos of the eighth year the Esrog of Jewish owned fields in Eretz Yisrael is treated as Kedushas Sheviis and hence may only be purchased through Otzer Beis Din, or Havlah as explained next. Otzer Beis Din: A Halachilcly […]

Missing leaves

Leaves fell off:[1] If majority of the Arava leaves fell off the Arava, it is Pasul.[2] One must be very careful regarding this matter, especially when inserting it into the binding of the Lulav, that this not cause the leaves to come off. [Thus it is advisable to check the […]

Tithes-Maaser

  Tithes-Using an Esrog from Eretz Yisrael:[1] An esrog which is forbidden to be eaten is not kosher. Therefore one must be certain that an esrog from Israel has had all its tithes removed and is not orlah (fruits grown within first three years of the tree). Esrogim from outside […]

Length

  Length:[1] The length of the Aravos must be at least three Tefachim. How much is three Tefachim? Some Poskim rule that every Tefach is 4 Agudlin and hence three Tefachim is 12 Agudlin [24cm.] Others rules that each Tefach is 3.33 Agudlin and hence three Tefach is 10 Agudlin […]

Calabria

Calabria: There is a tradition handed from the Alter Rebbe to use specifically the Yanovar esrog for the Daled Minim for reasons known to him. It is called Yanover in reference to the region of growth in Italy.[1]  A possible reason for this tradition may be since Italy is referred […]

Identity

The identity of the Aravos:[1] The Torah states that one is to take a Arvei Nachal. This refers to the willow branch.   Its Signs:[2] The following are the signs of a Kosher Arava. A red stem:[3] This means that the Arava comes from a tree that grows red stems. […]

Murkav-Grafted

Murkav/Grafted:[1]  A grafted Esrog, or a later generation of a grafted Esrog, is Pasul. There are four general signs in a kosher esrog which are different in an esrog grafted with lemon. A grafted esrog is smooth like a lemon while a kosher one is bumpy. A grafted esrog has […]

The Oketz-Stem

Oketz/Stem:[1] What is the Oketz: The Oketz is the stem from which the Esrog grows from on the tree. If the Oketz was removed from the Esrog in a way that none of it remained on the Esrog, hence creating a grooved area, the Esrog is invalid.[2] [Furthermore even if […]

The Pitam

  Pitam:[1] What is a Pitam: Many Esrogim grow a wood stem protruding on their top called the pitam or the dad. In many the Pitam begins to grow from within the inside of the esrog. In others it grows from its very top on its outside. On the dad/pitam […]

Ripe/Size/Color

Ripe/Size/color:  Size: An esrog’s minimum size is a kebeytza, which is approximately 56 grams. (ibid/29) Green:[1] An Esrog which has not yet ripened to the point that part of it has begun to turn yellow is Pasul unless one is sure that the Esrog will reach this stage. The custom […]

Color changes & Blisters

Blisters and color change:[1] A Chazazis and a color change in the Esrog receive the following laws:[2]   What is defined as a color change: Admur brings different types of color changes: A change of color that occurred after part of the rind of the Esrog peeled off.[3] A natural […]

Cracks

A cracked Esrog:[1] Crack on the length:[2] A cracked Esrog is only invalid if all the following apply: The crack reaches from to top to bottom The depth of the crack is at least majority of the thick white flesh. If the crack is not this deep throughout the entire […]

Dryness

  Dryness:[1] If the leaves of a Hadas have dried, the Hadas is invalid.[2] If however it is not Halachicly considered dry, even though the leaves have withered, it still remains valid. What is the definition of dry?[3] If the leaves have dried to the point that they can be […]

Scabs-Scars

Scars:[1] A hole which was caused by a thorn while the Esrog was still on the tree is kosher even if a piece is missing, if the entire area of the hole is covered by scar tissue.[2] This applies even if there is still a piece visibly missing from the […]

Top cut off

Top cut off:[1] If the top of the Hadas [its branch and its leaves] has been cut off, some opinions rule the Hadas nevertheless remains valid.[2] Others rule it is invalid.[3] Practically one should be stringent to use another Hadas, if it is available. If another Hadas is not available […]

Missing piece

  An Esrog with a hole that has a missing piece:[1]  A. First Day of Sukkos: A very small amount is missing: An Esrog which is missing any part from its body[2], even the smallest amount, is Pasul.[3] This applies even if the hole does not reach from one to […]

Missing leaves

Leaves missing:[1] If leaves fell off a Kosher Hadas, then as long as two leaves remain in majority of its sets within the Shiur of three Tefachim, it is Kosher. This applies even if the leaves of some of the sets have completely fallen off, [and even if the top […]

Hole-no missing piece

An Esrog with a hole without a missing piece:[1] Size of the hole: If there is a hole in the Esrog without any piece of the Esrog missing, such as a hole that was created by sticking a large needle into the Esrog, then if the hole of the Esrog […]

Meshulash-Three Leaved

Meshulash/Three Leaved:[1] The Torah states that the Hadas must be braided. This means that there are three leaves that extend from each area of the branch and that these three leaves are symmetric to each other that they extend from the same horizontal line. If two leaves are symmetric but […]

Length

Length:[1] The length of the Hadassim must be at least three Tefachim [24cm.] How much is three Tefachim? Some Poskim rule that every Tefach is 4 Agudlin and hence three Tefachim is 12 Agudlin [24cm.] Others rules that each Tefach is 3.33 Agudlin and hence three Tefach is 10 Agudlin […]

The source

The source for an Esrog:[1] The verse states one is to take a “Peri Eitz Hadar”. The Sages deduced from the superfluous word “tree” that the fruit referred to in the verse contain a tree bark that has the same taste as its fruit, and this is an Esrog, as […]

Identity

  The identity of the Hadas:[1] The Torah states that one is to take a Anaf Eitz Avos. This refers to a branch that grows leaves in a chain like braid form which covers most of the branch. This is unlike other branches in which the leaves do not braid […]

Is an Esrog Muktzah

Is an Esrog Muktzah on Shabbos? Esrogim designated as merchandise:[1] If the owner is particular to not use it for any purpose [such as not even to smell] then they are MMC”K.[2] Esrogim of personal use: Esrogim which one has bought for personal use are not Muktza on Shabbos, as […]

Carrying on Yom Tov

On Yom Tov may one carry his Daled Minim back home after having used it for the Mitzvah?[1] [It is forbidden for one to carry on Yom Tov in an area without an Eiruv for a non-Yom Tov need.[2]] it is forbidden to carry the Daled Minim in a Reshus […]

Replacing Hadassim & Aravos

Replacing the Hadasim and Aravos on Chol Hamoed: [1] One should replace the Hadassim and Aravos as the days go on in accordance to need.[2] [We are however not particular to switch the Aravos daily, as is the custom of others.[3]] How to replace the Hadasim and Aravos:[4] One is […]

Watering species

Watering the Lulav, Hadassim and Aravos:[1] It is a Mitzvah to keep the Lulav, Hadasim and Aravos fresh and good looking. One is to do so by placing them in a vase of water.[2] It is a Mitzvah to change the waters during Chol Hamoed in order to ensure their […]

Kara

Kara:[1] Some are particular to purchase a Lulav with the brownish leaf covering called the Kara.[2] Others are particular not to purchase such a Lulav. [The Rebbe was particular to purchase a Lulav which its top leaves are attached with a brownish leaf called a Kara. [3]]   [1] Oatzer […]

How to shake

How to Bentch Lulav: When: One is to awaken early in the morning to perform the Mitzvah of Daled Minim.[1] One may begin shaking Lulav from sunrise. If one is traveling he may shake Lulav starting from after Alos.[2] Eating prior to shaking:[3] It is forbidden to eat before shaking […]

Binding the Lulav

Binding the Lulav:[1] When: The custom is to bind the Lulav on Erev Sukkos inside the Sukkah.  [The Rebbe would do so after midday.[2]] Who: Those who are meticulous bind the Lulav themselves. Women and children are not to do so for a man’s Lulav.[3] How: The Chabad custom is […]

A bent Lulav

A bent Lulav:[1]  A. Spine is bent:[2] The middle of the spine is bent: If the spine of the Lulav is bent towards its front making it appear like a hunchback, it is not kosher.[3] Similarly if it is bent to its side it is invalid.[4] If the middle of […]

Children

Giving it to a Katan:[1] On the first day of Sukkos in Eretz Yisrael, and the first two days of Sukkos in the Diaspora, one is not to give his personal Daled Minim to any child below the age of 13 for a boy and 12 for a girl, to […]

A Lulav with wrinkles

A Lulav with wrinkles:[1] If the spine contains needles or if the Lulav is wrinkled it is invalid.[2] [1] 645/18 [2] Regarding the definition of wrinkles see Kashrus Daled Minim p. 96 which says if the tips are wrinkled it is invalid. However in Piskeiy Teshuvos  645/12 he argues that […]

Using another persons set

Using another persons Daled Minim: A. First day of Sukkos:[1] On the 1st day of Sukkos [in Eretz Yisrael and the first two days of Sukkos in the Diaspora as will be explained next] one only fulfills his obligation with a set of Daled Minim which he personally owns. Therefore […]

A dry Lulav

A dry Lulav:[1] A Lulav which majority of its leaves have withered, or majority of its spine has withered, to the point it has turned whitish should not be used unless absolutely no other Lulav is available. If it has dried to the point it can be broken by touching […]

A cut leaf

A cut leaf:[1] Tiyomes: Lechatchilah, if the Tiyomes leaf was even partially cut at its top it should not be used. If however no other Lulav is available, then if its majority length is still intact, it may be used with a blessing. If majority of it has been cut, […]

How many of each species

How many of each species is one to take: One may not use for the mitzvah more than 1 Esrog, 1 Lulav, and 2 Aravos. However one may add on to the 3 Hadassim. Various people have been instructed to take 4, 12, 13, or 26 Hadassim, but not 9, […]

Tiyomes

The law of the Tiyomes:[1] What is the Tiyomes? Special attention must be given to the middle upper leaf of the Lulav called the Tiyomes. The Tiyomes is the middle upper most leaf which extends from the spine. It grows in the center of the Lulav and is considered the […]

When to buy

When to buy a set of Lulav and Esrog: Some[1] write that one is to try to purchase a set of Daled Minim during Aseres Yimei Teshuvah in order to add in merits for the day of Yom Kippur and have these merits overturn the judgment. Others[2] however write that […]

A Split leaf

A split leaf:[1] The growth of the Lulav leaf: The leaves of the Lulav grow in a pair of two leaves which are parallel to each other. The two leaves are attached to each other by their back and open in their front. If the leaves of the Lulav split: […]

Shaking in Jerusalem

Is the shaking of Daled Minim in Jerusalem during exile a Biblical or Rabbinical obligation throughout all seven days? Some Poskim[1] rule that according to some Rishonim[2] the shaking of Daled Minim in the old city of Jerusalem is a Biblical obligation for all seven days of the festival. Due […]

Leaves bound together

Must the leaves be bound together:[1]    It is a Mitzvah Min Hamuvchar to purchase a Lulav which its leaves have not separated at all from the spine[2] and are thus completely bound.[3] If the leaves began hardening and separating from the spine, it is valid so long as the […]

Hadar

Hadar:[1] The Torah states that the Esrog must be Hadar which means beautiful in appearance and growth. This applies likewise to all four species, as the command of all four species are written in the same verse, hence juxtaposing them together and creating a legal bridge to transfer laws from […]

How many leaves

How many leaves must cover the spine of the Lulav?[1] How the leaves of the Lulav grow: The Lulav contains a spine which is covered with leaves that grow at a distance of every four centimeters. Thus after the first leaf grows on the spine another leaf grows 4 centimeter […]

Every person own set

Every person is to have his own set of Daled Minim:[1] Every person is to have his own set of Daled Minim. Charity organizations are to insure that every person can have his own set of Daled Minim and be able to build their own Sukkah.   Buying Daled Minim […]

Length

Length:[1]  The length of the spine of the Lulav must be four Tefach. If the Hadassim or Aravos are more than three Tefach than the spine of the Lulav must be at least one Tefach higher than the Hadassim and Aravos. How much is four Tefachim? Some Poskim rule that […]

Showing to Rav

Showing the species to a Rav:  Due to the vast amount of Halachos involved in the kashrus of the four species it is strongly recommended that one show them to a Rav to make sure it fulfills the Halachic requirements, and to verify what level of hiddur it has. Due […]

The identity

The identity of the Lulav:[1] The Torah states that one is to take a Kapos Temarim. This refers to a branch that grows on a date palm.   Q&A Are branches from the male palm trees that do not grow dates valid? Yes. It is not necessary for the palm […]

Sukkah after Sukkos

What is one to do with the Sukkah after Sukkos?[1] After Sukkos one is not required to bury the wood used for Sechach and it may be used and benefited from as one sees fit. Nevertheless it is proper to beware not to use it for a belittling use as […]

Sukkah Decorations-The Custom

 Noiy Sukkah-Sukkah decorations: The Custom:[1] It is a widespread and old age custom amongst Jewry to decorate the Sukkah with different fruits, ornaments, and valuables.[2] It is a Mitzvah to do so.[3] This is done to express beautification of the Mitzvah, and it is thus fit to be done […]

Areas without Sechach

May one eat under an area in the Sukkah that is not covered [is open to the sky]? If the area is less than 3×3 Tefach it is permitted to eat under the area. If the uncovered area stretches from wall to wall, then if it is three Tefach wide, […]

Sechach extends past wall

Sechach that extends past the walls of a Sukkah: Contains two extending walls:[1] If a Sukkah contains Sechach that extends past the back wall of the Sukkah, and the two horizontal walls likewise extend past the back wall, then if that area is at least 7x 7 Tefachim, it is […]

How much Sechach

    How much shade is the Sechach required to provide:[1] The Sechach must provide enough shade for there to be more shade than sunlight in the Sukkah. Thus even if the Sechach is very thin and thus allows sunlight to enter, so long as it provides majority shade to […]

Non-Kosher Sechach mixed in

The law if non-Kosher Sechach is mixed together with the Kosher Sechach, or is sitting on top of it: We consider the non-Kosher Sechach as nullified when all the following conditions are fulfilled: There is enough Kosher Sechach to give majority of shade on its own There is a lot […]

Mamad-The supports of the Sechach

Must the items which support the Sechach [The “Mamad”] be themselves kosher for Sechach?[1] From the letter of the law the Sechach may be placed over a wall made of any material, even a material which can contract impurity. However the Sages decreed that initially the Sechach should only be […]

Store owners

Store owners:[1] People that work in stores remain obligated to eat and dwell in a Sukkah, and hence are to build a Sukkah near their store and it is forbidden to eat in the store. If they are unable to build a Sukkah near the store they must return to […]

Shemita-Sechach

May one cut Sechach during Shemitah to use for his Sukkah?[1] Yes. However it is best to do so in an irregular method than that used for trimming trees.   Does Sechach have Kedushas Sheviis?[2] No. [1] Rambam 1/15-21; 2/2-8; Shabbos Haaretz 1/18-5 [2] Rambam 5/21; 7/14 Bookmark