A son who is very old, or a great scholar, or leader [i.e., Nassi or king]:[1]
Even if a son is a great Torah scholar, and even if he is very old, he still remains obligated in the Mitzvah of honoring his parents.[2] Even if he is a leader such as a Nassi or king he remains obligated in the mitzvah.[3] Even a son who is the main Rebbe of his father in Torah learning is obligated to honor his parents although with some limitations as explained in chapter 5. Nonetheless, some Poskim[4] rule that a son is exempt from performing those matters of service for his parents which are beneath his dignity due to his old age or scholarliness, or prestigious position.
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[1] Encyclopedia Talmudit Erech Kibud Av Vaeim Vol. 26 p. 425
[2] Meiri Kiddushin 31b; Darkei Moshe Y.D. 240:7
[3] See Kesubos 103a and Haflah there; Melachim 1 2:19 that King Solomon bowed to his mother in her honor; Meiah Shearim 36
[4] Ramban Toras Adam Inyan Keriah; Ritva Bava Metzia 33a in name of Ramban; Gilyon Tosafus Shita Mekubetzes Bava Metzia 32a
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