It is permitted to cook food on Yom Tov for the sake of eating the food on Yom Tov. It is permitted to cook the foods in their regular fashion, if it would either cause a loss or a diminish of quality of the taste, to have cooked it before Yom Tov. An example of such foods is meat.[1] [Most foods fall under this category.[2]]
Foods that could be cooked before Yom Tov without any loss or diminishing of taste:[3] It is forbidden to cook foods on Yom Tov that give one no loss, and do not diminish in taste, if they were to be cooked on Erev Yom Tov. An example of such foods is dry fruits, as they even better tasting when they were cooked the day before. They may however be cooked with an irregularity.[4] [Some Poskim[5] however rule that all foods which are better when cooked the day before may not be done at all on Yom Tov, even with an irregularity.] If however one was unable to cook it before Yom Tov due to reasons beyond his control, that he may cook it on Yom Tov.[6] All foods that can be prepared and cooked before Yom Tov without any loss in their quality, taste, or even light monetary loss, and there was enough fire space and refrigerator space available to do so, are to be prepared and cooked before Yom Tov. If one did not do so, then such foods may only be made on Yom Tov with a Shinuiy. Thus, if one has pots and a flame available to cook Jell-O or fruit compote before Yom Tov, it is to be done before Yom Tov, and if one did not do so it may only be done on Yom Tov with a Shinuiy.[7]
Barbecue-roasting:[8] It is permitted to roast, or barbecue on Yom Tov. It is permitted to barbecue even if gravy will spill onto the coals and cause partial extinguishing.
Baking: It is permitted to bake on Yom Tov. It is permitted to bake fresh bread on Yom Tov, although there are regulations involved in the sifting the flour.[9] [Today’s flour is already pre-sifted in the factory and hence may be resifted on Yom Tov for the sake of checking for insects, although if it could have been done before Yom Tov then one is to do so with a Shinuiy.[10]] Dough that was kneaded on Yom Tov may have Challah separated from it on Yom Tov.[11]
Electric oven:[12] It is permitted to cook/bake in an electric oven that was turned on before Yom Tov or that was turned on using a timer.
Cooking on Yom Tov for next day:[13] It is forbidden to cook, bake, or do any permitted Melacha, on Yom Tov for the sake of the next day. If one did without enough time to be able to benefit from the Melacha on Yom Tov then he has Biblically transgressed and is liable for lashes.[14]
Cooking on first day on behalf of second day:[15] It is forbidden to cook foods on the first day of Yom Tov on behalf of the second day even if Eruv Tavshilin was performed, unless the second day is Shabbos.
Cooking more food than necessary:[16] It is permitted to cook more food than necessary in the same pot, if the extra food will enhance the taste of the food that one plans to eat on Yom Tov.[17] Thus, one may add an extra piece of meat to the pot for the sake of the weekday if it will enhance the food.[18] However, one may not state that the extra food is being added to be eaten the next day, unless all the food is placed onto the fire simultaneously.[19] If the extra food will not enhance the taste of the current Yom Tov food, then it is forbidden to add any more food to the pot unless the entire amount of food is placed in a single pot and then placed on the fire, and one does not state that he is doing so for the sake of the next day.[20] [When cooking on the first day of Yom Tov on behalf of also the second day the above regulations must be adhered to.]
Cooking for a gentile or animal:[21] It is forbidden to cook food on behalf of a gentile or animal on Yom Tov. This applies even to animals that are dependent on oneself for their food, such as pets.[22] However, one may add food to a pot that one anyways needs to cook for Yom Tov, on behalf of a gentile maid or animal. However, one may not add food on behalf of a gentile guest, or any gentile who is not a household member.[23]
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Q&A What is the definition of food which one could have made before Yom Tov? What if one did not have time, or enough flames available?[24]
If one can keep ones food fresh in the fridge, may he nevertheless delay cooking them until Yom Tov? All foods that can be prepared and cooked before Yom Tov without any loss in their quality, taste, or even light monetary loss, and there was enough fire space and refrigerator space available to do so, are to be prepared and cooked before Yom Tov. If one did not do so, then such foods may only be made on Yom Tov with a Shinuiy.
If one is able to cook foods before Yom Tov and have them stay fresh in the fridge, may they nevertheless be cooked on Yom Tov?[29] Yes, as one cannot compare freshly baked foods to foods that need to be reheated.
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[1] Admur 495:5
[2] See Nitei Gavriel 2:1-2
[3] Admur 495:6; M”A 495:2; Shela Sukkah 246a; Elya Raba 495:7; Chayeh Adam 80:1; Kaf Hachaim 495:13
[4] Admur 495:5; Peri Chadash 495; Biur Hagr”a 495; P”M 495 A”A 3; Shaar Hatziyon 495:8; Aruch Hashulchan 495:36; Nitei Gavriel 2:3
[5] Implication of M”A 495:3 in name of Maharil, and so learns Biur Hagr”a and Shaar Hatziyon 495:8; Nitei Gavriel 2:4 footnote 6 in opinion of Admur 495:5-6 who does not write that one may cook the fruits or knead the Lukshun with an irregularity. He proves from here that foods which are better when cooked the day before do not have an allowance of a Shinuiy on Yom Tov.
Other opinions: Some Poskim rule may perform even this Melacha on Yom Tov with an irregularity. [Peri Chadash 495; Biur Hagr”a 495; P”M 495 A”A 3; Shaar Hatziyon 495:8; Aruch Hashulchan 495:36]
[6] Admur 495:5
[7] Rama 495:1; See Nitei Gavriel 2:10-11
[8] Michaber 507:4; See Admur 507:12; Nitei Gavriel 9:12
[9] Admur 506:3
[10] Beir Moshe 8:204; Piskeiy Teshuvos 506:4
[11] Admur 506:5
[12] Nitei Gavriel 9:16
[13] Admur 503:1-3
[14] M”A 518:1
[15] Admur 527:23
[16] Nitei Gavriel 9:1
[17] Admur 503:5; 512:3
[18] Admur 512:3
[19] Admur 503:6
[20] Admur 503:4
[21] Admur 512:11; Michaber 512:1 [gentile] and 3 [dogs] regarding cooking; Michaber 518:2 regarding carrying; Beitza 21a-b regarding cooking for gentile; Rebbe Yossi Hagelili Beitza ibid regarding cooking for dogs; Chayeh Adam 21:1 and Kaf Hachaim 512:2 that this applies to all Melacha; Levush and Tur that this applies to all animals
Other opinions: Some Poskim rule it is permitted to perform Meleches Ochel Nefesh for the sake of animals. [Rebbe Akiva Beitza ibid; Ravaya; Razah; See Bach 512]
[22] Admur 512:3 and 7; Olas Shabbos 512:4; Elya Raba 512:10; M”B 512:16; Kaf Hachaim 512:32
[23] Admur 512:3
[24] Piskeiy Teshuvos 495:4
[25] Rav SZ”A in SSH”K 2 footnote 6
[26] Piskeiy Teshuvos 495:4
[27] Beir Moshe 8:224
[28] Rav SZ”A in SSH”K 2 footnote 6
[29] See Nitei Gavriel 2:2 footnote 2 and Beir Moshe 8:224
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