Halachah 1 — Opening of the Morning Service
In the morning, the congregation sits while the chazan descends before the ark and recites Kaddish. The congregation responds fully, including Yehei shemei rabba. The chazan then calls Barchu, and proceeds to recite Kri’at Shema and its blessings aloud. Those who know how to recite them should do so quietly themselves until Ga’al Yisrael.
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Halachah 2 — Silent Amidah
Immediately afterward, all stand and recite the Amidah silently. One who does not know how to pray stands silently while the congregation prays. Those who complete the Amidah together step back three steps and remain in place.
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Halachah 3 — Chazarat HaShatz
After the silent Amidah, the chazan repeats the entire Amidah aloud, to fulfill the obligation of those who cannot pray. All listen and answer Amen after each blessing, even those who already fulfilled their obligation.
Halachah 4 — Kedushah and Modim
The chazan recites Kedushah within the third blessing. At that point, individuals may return to their original places. At Modim, the congregation bows slightly and recites Modim D’Rabbanan. Anyone who recites “Modim, Modim” is silenced.
Halachah 5 — Supplications and Kedushah D’Sidra
After completing the Amidah, the congregation sits, falls slightly on their faces, and recites Tachanun. They then sit upright and recite additional supplications. The chazan alone rises to recite Kaddish, followed by V’hu Rachum and Tehillah l’David. Then he recites Kedushah D’Sidra, including Aramaic translations so the people may understand.
Halachah 6 — Conclusion of the Morning Service
The verses and Aramaic translations surrounding Kedushah are termed Seder Kedushah. Following this, the chazan recites further supplications and Kaddish, and the congregation departs.
Halachah 7 — Improper Supplications
One who formulates supplications portraying mitzvot as acts of compassion (e.g., concerning the bird’s nest) is silenced, as mitzvot are divine decrees, not mercy. One may not expand G-d’s praises beyond those instituted by Moshe, as human language cannot capture divine greatness.
Halachah 8 — Minchah Service
Minchah begins with Ashrei, recited seated. The chazan then recites Kaddish, the congregation stands for the silent Amidah, followed by Chazarat HaShatz, Tachanun, and Kaddish.
Halachah 9 — Evening Service
In the evening, the chazan recites V’hu Rachum, announces Barchu, and recites the Shema and its blessings aloud. The congregation then recites the silent Amidah. The chazan concludes with Kaddish. There is no repetition of the Amidah at Ma’ariv, since it is voluntary.
Halachah 10 — Friday Night Repetition
On Friday night, the chazan recites a single abridged blessing encompassing the entire Amidah aloud. He concludes with “Who sanctifies the Sabbath”, followed by Kaddish.
Halachah 11 — Purpose of Friday Night Repetition
This practice ensures that the congregation remains together so that latecomers are not left alone and endangered.
Halachah 12 — When Shabbat Coincides with Other Days
If Shabbat coincides with a festival, Rosh Chodesh, or Yom Kippur, the Friday night repetition references only the Sabbath, since this blessing is otherwise not obligatory.
Halachah 13 — Shabbat and Festival Morning Order
On Shabbat and festivals:
- The chazan repeats the Morning Amidah,
- Recites Kaddish and Ashrei,
- The congregation recites Musaf silently,
- The chazan then repeats Musaf out loud.
Kedushah and Tachanun are deferred until before Minchah.
Halachah 14 — Rosh Chodesh, Chol HaMoed, and Motzaei Shabbat
On Rosh Chodesh and Chol HaMoed, Seder Kedushah is recited before Musaf. On Motzaei Shabbat, it is recited after Ma’ariv, followed by Kaddish and Havdalah.
