The unity of the Esrog:
The unity within the Esrog:[1] The Esrog contains a certain aspect of unity which differs from all other fruits in the world. All fruits have a season of growth during the year, while the Esrog remains on the tree for the entire year, throughout all four seasons. Thus, the Esrog fruit unifies all the seasons of the year.
The representation of the Esrog within Jewry: The Midrash[2] explains that the Esrog represents the people who spend their time performing Mitzvos and Gemilus Chassadim as well as learning Torah. Torah and Mitzvos correspond to the good taste and good smell found in the Esrog.
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[1] Siddur Im Dach Shaar Halulav p. 264
[2] Vayikra Raba 30:12
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