The obligation to guard one’s health:[1]
It is a Mitzvah for one to lead a healthy life and guard his health in order so one be healthy and strong to serve G-d. Accordingly, it is forbidden for one to oppress his body.[2] Likewise, one is obligated to beware of his body, to not cause it loss, destruction or injury.[3]
Preventive medicine:[4] Based on the above, included in the obligation of guarding one’s health is the obligation to involve oneself in preventive medicine, and one cannot suffice with simply getting himself cured after he gets sick.
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[1] Admur O.C. 155:1; Tur 155; Rambam Deios 4:1; M”B 155:11; Kaf Hachaim 155:26; See Igros Kodesh 11:319
[2] Admur ibid and Hilchos Guf Vinefesh Halacha 4; Michaber 571:1 and M”A 571:1; Taanis 11a; Rambam Deios 4:1
[3] Admur Shemiras Guf Vinefesh Halacha 14
[4] See in length Encyclopedia Hilchatit Refuit Erech Berius Vol. 2 p. 331
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