1. Paying attention to the words upon reciting a blessing:[1]
When reciting the words of a blessings one must have in mind the meaning of the words that he is saying.
Lack of concentration possibly invalidates the blessing:[2] If one does not understand the words of a blessing or thinks of other matters while reciting it, according to some opinions it is considered as if he did not recite the blessing at all and is hence required to repeat the blessing. This applies even if he said the blessing in Hebrew. Practically, one is not to repeat the blessing, although initially one must be very careful to concentrate on the words while reciting blessings.
Birchas Hamazon:[3] One must be very careful to understand the words of Birchas Hamazon and pay attention to the words while reciting it. If one did not do so, then if he recited Birchas Hamazon in Lashon Hakodesh it is disputed if he fulfills his obligation, and Safek Brachos Lihakel. However, if he said it in a different language that he does not understand or did not pay attention to, he must repeat Birchas Hamazon.
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[1] See Admur 5:1; 185:1-2; Encyclopedia Talmudit Vol. 4 Erech Berachos pp. 299
[2] Admur 185:2
[3] Admur 185:1
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