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Not to roast the meat for the Seder?[1]
It is forbidden to eat roasted meat on the night of the Seder, and thus one must beware to avoid roasting the meat that will be eaten by the Seder meal. In the Diaspora, this applies towards the meals of both Sedarim. It is however permitted to eat roasted meat during the Pesach day meal.[2] Thus, it is permitted to roast meat on Erev Pesach for the sake of eating it during the day meals, with exception to a whole lamb or goat, as will be explained next.
Roasting a whole lamb or goat:[3] It is forbidden to roast a whole lamb[4] on Erev Pesach past midday or on Pesach night [even if one does not plan to eat it for the Seder night]. It goes without saying that if one went ahead and did so, it is forbidden to eat the meat on the night of Pesach.
The types of meat included in the above prohibition:[5] All meats that require Shechita are included in the roasting prohibition, and may not be eaten roasted on the night of Pesach. Thus, one may not roast beef, lamb, chicken or other meats or poultry for the Seder night menu. One may, however, roast fish.
The definition of roasting?[6] Roasting includes any cooking that is done without external liquids, such as barbecuing, baking or cooking the meat in a pot without adding any external liquid. Meat that is being cooked in a pot [i.e. Tzeli Kadar] and simmers in the gravy that it releases during cooking, is nevertheless considered roasted and forbidden to be eaten if no other external liquids were added.[7] [Some Poskim[8] rule it is likewise forbidden to fry the meat with only oil, and one must add water or other liquids.]
Roasting and then cooking the meat in water/juice?[9] One may eat on the night of Pesach meat or poultry which was roasted and then later cooked.[10] One may thus simmer/roast the meat for the Seder prior to cooking it in liquids.
Cooking the meat and then roasting it without liquid?[11] On the night of Pesach, one may not eat meat or poultry which was roasted without external liquids even if it was cooked in liquids before the roasting. Thus, one may not simmer the meat of the Seder night without external liquids even after it has been cooked with gravy. One may, however, simmer the meat prior to the cooking, as explained above.
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Summary: It is forbidden to eat roasted meat or poultry during the Seder night. One may however eat roasted fish. The meat may not be cooked in a pot without liquids, even if it will simmer in its own juice. One may roast the meat and then cook it.
Liver:[12] One may not eat liver on the night of Pesach as liver is roasted. If, however, the liver was cooked after it was roasted, then it may be eaten.
Smoked meat/turkey/chicken:[13] One may not eat smoked meat on the night of Pesach as it is considered like roasted. Thus, beef jerky, pastrami [beef and poultry], salami, and all other cuts of dried meat or poultry, may not be eaten on Seder night unless they have been cooked in liquids afterwards.
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[1] Admur 476:1-2; 469:4; Michaber 476:1; Mishneh Pesachim 53a
Background: It is forbidden for one to eat a roasted whole sheep or goat on Pesach night, being that it is similar to the Pesach sacrifice. [Admur 476:2] Furthermore, it is even forbidden to cook it whole on Erev Pesach past midday due to it looking similar to the Pesach sacrifice. [Admur 469:4] However, other meats, as well as pieces of lamb and goat, is not forbidden from the letter of the law, but rather due to custom. Some are accustomed to eat cuts of roasted meats on Pesach night, while others are accustomed not to eat any roasted meat on Pesach night, due to a decree that people may come say that the Pesach sacrifice is being eaten. Practically, the custom in these provinces is to be stringent, and it is therefore forbidden to eat roasted meat on Pesach night. [Admur 476:1]
[2] See Shaarei Teshuvah 473:10
[3] Admur 469:4; 476:2
[4] Meaning it is being roasted in entirety with its innards, as was done by the Pesach sacrifice. [Admur ibid]
[5] Admur 476:3
[6] Admur 476:4
Other opinions in Admur: Some Poskim rule it is permitted to eat Tzeli Kadar. [2nd opinion in Admur ibid; Nachalas Tzevi 476:2] One may rely on this opinion for the sake of an ill person. [Admur ibid]
[7] The reason: This is forbidden due to Maras Ayin, as it may lead people to permit eating even roasted meat. [Admur ibid]
[8] Pnei Meivin 123
[9] Admur 476:4
Other opinions: Some Poskim rule one is not to eat roasted meat/poultry even if it is later cooked in liquids. [Peri Chadash 476, brought in Kaf Hachaim 476:4]
[10] The reason: As the cooking nullifies the roasted taste. [Admur ibid]
[11] Admur 476:4; M”B 476:1
[12] Aruch Hashulchan 476:4
[13] Piskeiy Teshuvos 476:1
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