Putting on Tefillin in middle of Davening:[1]

What is one to do if his Tefillin arrived in middle of Davening, or if he forgot to put on Tefillin and remembered in middle of Davening? May he wear the Tefillin and may a blessing be recited? The same question applies to one who used the bathroom in middle of Davening and now desires to re-wear his Tefillin, may he do so, and may a new blessing be said [if he had a bowel movement]? Practically, this depends on the area of Davening that he is currently holding.

During Pesukei Dezimra:[2] One may not recite a blessing on Tefillin between Az Yashir and Yishtabach.[3] Likewise, one may not recite a blessing on Tefillin in middle of Pesukei Dezimra [even Bein Haperakim, and certainly not in middle of a Perek[4]].[5] However, one may recite a blessing over the Tefillin between Yishtabach and Yotzer.[6] [Thus, in the event that one received Tefillin, or remembered to put on Tefillin[7], in middle of Pesukei Dezimra, one is to place them on without a blessing, and between Yishtabach and Yotzer is to shake them and recite a blessing.[8]]

Between Birchas Shema and start of Shema:[9] If one remembered to put on Tefillin[10], or received Tefillin[11], after beginning the blessing of Yotzer Or but before Shema, he may place it on with a blessing between the Perakim [which is between Yotzer Hameoros and Ahavas Olam, and Ahavas Olam and Shema[12]] although not in the midst of the paragraph. [However, he may place it on in middle of the paragraph without a blessing and then shake the Tefillin and recite a blessing between the paragraphs.[13]]

Between start of Shema and Goal Yisrael:[14] If one received Tefillin in middle of Shema or after Shema but before saying Goal Yisrael, one may place it on with a blessing even in middle of the paragraph.[15] [This applies even if one already read Shema prior to Davening to fulfill one’s obligation, and is now reading it again within Davening.[16]]

Between Goal Yisrael and Shemoneh Esrei: Between Geula and Tefila one may not say a blessing on the Tefillin.[17] Rather, one is to wear it without a blessing.[18] [After Shemoneh Esrei one is to shake the Tefillin and recite a blessing.]

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[1] See Admur 66:3, 11; Ketzos Hashulchan 18:6

[2] Ketzos Hashulchan 18:6; See Hefsek Betefila 5:2-5 [p. 86]

[3] Admur 53:3 and Michaber 53:3 regarding a Tallis [between Az Yashir and Yishtabach] and the Elya Raba and M”B 53:6 rules the same applies regarding Tefillin; Ketzos Hashulchan 18:6

[4] Ketzos Hashulchan 18 footnote 23 based on the wording in Admur ibid “As it is forbidden to make an interval between Baruch Sheamar and Yishtabach”

[5] Ketzos Hashulchan ibid; So rules regarding Tallis: Admur ibid; Chayeh Adam 20:3; Gloss of Rav Akiva Eiger ibid; Kitzur SHU”A 14:8; Kaf Hachaim 53:7

The reason: As it is forbidden to make an interval between Baruch Sheamar and Yishtabach even if it is for the sake of a Mitzvah, as explained in 51:4. [Admur ibid] Now although it is permitted to wear Tefillin with a blessing even in the middle of Birchas Shema [see 66:3 and 11], nevertheless this is because it is an obligation to read Shema and Daven Shemoneh Esrei wearing Tefillin. However, there is no obligation to say Pesukei Dezimra wearing Tefillin, and hence one must delay the blessing until after Yishtabach. [Ketzos Hashulchan ibid footnote 24; Kaf Hachaim 53:7]

Other opinions: Some Poskim rule one may put on the Tefillin with a blessing even in middle of the Perek, and certainly between the Perakim in Pesukei Dezimra. [Birkeiy Yosef 53:4; Magen Giborim based on Teshuvas Harambam 147; Chayeh Adam 20:3-Only Between Perakim; M”B 53:6; Yabia Omer 9:82] However, even according to them, one may not do so between Az Yashir and Yishtabach. [Michaber ibid]

[6] The reason: As it is permitted to make an interval in that area for the sake of a Mitzvah, as explained in 54:3 [Admur ibid]

[7] Piskeiy Teshuvos 53 footnote 14; See Admur 66:3; Michaber 66:2

Other opinions: Some Poskim rule that in the event that one had Tefillin beforehand and simply forgot to wear them, it is forbidden to put them on during Pesukei Dezimra, or even between Yishtabach and Barchu, even without a blessing. [M”B 53:7]

[8] Chayeh Adam 20, brought in Ketzos Hashulchan ibid; Hefsek Betefila 5:2-5 [p. 86]; See Admur 66:11 in first opinion

[9] Admur 66:3; Ketzos Hashulchan 19:4 in name of Derech Hachaim and implication of Admur 66:11, Vetzaruch Iyun as to why the Ketzos Hashulchan omitted 66:3 in which Admur explicitly mentions this ruling

The reason: As Tefillin is an obligation to wear for Shema and Shemoneh Esrei in order to accept the complete yoke of Heaven. [Admur 66:3 and 11] 

[10] Admur 66:3

[11] Admur 66:11

[12] Admur 66:7

[13] M”B 54:13

[14] Siddur Admur; Second and main opinion in 66:11; Tur; Hagahos Maimanis; M”B 66:15

Other opinions-Ruling of Admur in his Shulchan Aruch: In 66:11 Admur records a dispute in this matter. Some Poskim [Ram Mekotzi Tosafus Brachos 14b; Kuntrus Achron 66:2] rule one may only place the Tefillin on with a blessing between the Perakim, while in middle of the Perek a blessing may not be said. Thus, from Vayomer and onwards one is to wear the Tefillin without a blessing and then after Shemoneh Esrei he is to touch the Tefillin and say a blessing. Other Poskim [Tur; Hagahos Maimanis; Kuntrus Achron 66:3] however rule one may say a blessing even in middle of the Perek. Practically, Admur concludes that one is to follow the latter opinion. [Admur ibid] Other Poskim rule like the first opinion, that a blessing may only be recited between the Perakim, and hence from Vayomer and onwards one can no longer say a blessing until after Shemoneh Esrei. [Kaf Hachaim 66:15]

[15] The reason: As Tefillin is an obligation to wear for Shema and Shemoneh Esrei in order to accept the complete yoke of Heaven. [Admur 66:3 and 11] One is required to recite every word of Shema with his Tefillin, and hence one cannot wait until between the Perkaim. [M”B ibid; Ketzos Hashulchan 18 footnote 12]

[16] P”M 66 M”Z 2; Unlike Piskeiy Teshuvos 66 footnote 33 in name of Orchos Chaim 66:13

[17] Admur 66:11; Siddur Admur; Rama 66:8

The reason: As it has the same law as the Shemoneh Esrei itself. Even regarding answering Kaddish or Kedusha, which is a Mitzvah Overes [is forbidden between Goal Yisrael and Shemoneh Esrei]. Thus, certainly one may not recite a blessing over the Tefillin which can technically be recited afterwards. Practically, this is the custom that one is to follow. [Admur ibid]

[18] Siddur Admur; Implication of 66:11; Rama 66:8

The reason: Although even putting the Tallis without a blessing is considered an interval between Geula and Tefila, being that the Tallis does not have such a need for the Tefila, nevertheless, it is permitted to put on Tefillin between Geula and Tefila because Tefillin is an obligation to wear during Davening in order to accept the complete yoke of heaven. However, Tzitzis is not an obligation of the body to wear unless one is wearing a Tallis that is obligated in Tzitzis. [Admur 66:11]