If one recited a Ha’adama on a vegetable does it exempt a Haeitz fruit that he planned on eating or that was on the table:[1]

One does not fulfill the blessing over a Haeitz fruit with the blessing of Ha’adama unless he had explicit intent to include it within the blessing of Ha’adama, which initially one should never intend to do. See Chapter 7 Halacha 20.

[1] See Seder Birchas Hanehnin 1:6; Admur 206:2; Shaareiy Teshuvah 206:1; M”B 206:7-11; Kaf Hachaim 206:8-12; Ketzos Hashulchan 49:4; Piskeiy Teshuvos 206:1-3; 5-7