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Donate- Tziruf – Ate a total of a Kezayis of two different foods, do they join together for an after blessing:[1]
- Two Solids:
All solid foods [as opposed to a solid and a liquid] join each other for the minimum measurement of a Kezayis. This applies even if the foods have two different [before and] after blessings. Thus, if one ate less than a Kezayis of two different foods, then if both foods are solids they join together to meet the required measurement of a Kezayis, and thus if one has eaten a total of 27 grams [within 4 minutes] between the two foods, then one recites an after blessing.
Which after blessing to recite?[2] In all cases that one ate two different foods of two different after blessings, and a Kezayis was not consumed from either food but he consumed a Kezayis in total between both of them [within 4 minutes], then one recites the less important after blessing of the two foods. [This applies even by two foods that were eaten as an Ikar and Tafel, and one recited a blessing on the Ikar, nevertheless, if one did not eat a Kezayis of the Ikar on its own, then the after blessing of the Tafel is recited.[3]]
- Example – Zayin Minim with Borei Nefashos:[4] If someone eats a half a Kezayis of an olive [or grape, fig, pomegranate or date] and another half of a Kezayis of a food which receives the after blessing of Borei Nefashos Rabos [within four minutes], then he recites the after blessing of Borei Nefashos Rabos [which is the lower level after blessing of the two foods]. [This applies even if the other half of a Kezayis food is a fruit, nonetheless, we do not recite Al Hapeiros but rather the after blessing of Borei Nefashos.[5]]
- Zayin Minim fruits with other Zayin Minim fruits:[6] The above ruling that one recites Borei Nefashos only applies in the above case in which one did not eat a Kezayis of seven species fruits. However, if one ate a total of a Kezayis within four minutes of many different seven species fruits then certainly they join each other for the after blessing of Al Hapeiros.
- Example – Bread with Mezonos or fruits [Zayin Minim or Borei Nefashos]:[7] If someone eats [within four minutes] a half a Kezayis of bread and another half of a Kezayis of a Shivas Haminim food [whether fruits which receives the after blessing of Al Hapeiros or Mezonos which carries the after blessing of Al Hamichyah] then he recites the after blessing of Meiyn Gimel [which is the lower level after blessing of the two foods, either Al Hamichyah or Al Hapeiros[8]].
- Meaning, that if he ate 15 grams of bread together with 15 grams of cracker within 4 minutes for a total of a Kezayis between both foods, then he recites an after blessing of Al Hamichya.
- Likewise, if he ate bread together with fruits of Al Hapeiros for a total of a Kezayis between both foods, then he recites an after blessing of Al Hapeiros.[9]
- The same applies regarding Borei Nefashos, that if he ate bread together with a Borei Nefashos food for a total of a Kezayis between both foods, then he recites an after blessing of Borei Nefashos.
- Example – Mezonos with Zayin Minim of fruits:[10] If someone eats [within four minutes] a half a Kezayis of Mezonos crackers and another half of a Kezayis of a Shivas Haminim fruit then he recites the after blessing of Al Hapeiros, which is the lower of the two after blessings.
- Example – Cracker with a spread: If one ate 15 grams of a cracker and 15 grams of Tehini spread within 4 minutes, then the after blessing of Borei Nefashos is said, being that it is the less important of the two possible after blessings.
| Q&A If one eats a fruit or vegetable salad that contains Zayin Minim fruits in it, such as pomegranate or raisins, what after blessing is recited?[11] One only recites the after blessing of Al Hapeiros if he recited a Haeitz on the salad and eats an actual Kezayis of the seven species fruit, otherwise, he only recites the after blessing of Borei Nefashos. [If one recited a Ha’adama on the salad, such as if the fruits are a secondary ingredient, then one recites a Borei Nefashos even if he ate a Kezayis of the seven species fruit with four minutes as explained in chapter 17Halacha 1B.] If one eats a Mezonos or Hamotzi product that is mixed with other ingredients does one recite an after blessing on a mere Kezayis of the product? See Halacha 15! |
- Solids with liquids:[12]
If one of the foods which one ate was a solid while another is a liquid then they do not join each other, not for a Kezayis, nor for a Revius. [However, if one drank a Shiur Revius of a beverage other than wine and one ate a Kezayis of a Borei Nefashos food, then one recites a single after blessing of Borei Nefashos on behalf of them both.[13]]
- Example: If one ate 15 grams of cracker and 60 ml of juice then no after blessing is said.
- If one drank 50 mL of wine, and ate 40 g of grapes or other foods of the seven Minim, then no after blessing is recited.
A food with gravy or broth:[14] Food that was cooked with gravy, then the gravy does not join the food for a total of a Kezayis, as gravy is considered a complete liquid for all matters.
- Example: If one ate 15 grams of chicken and 15 milliliters of its accompanying broth or gravy within four minutes, the chicken and the broth do not combine to form a Kezayis, since the broth is considered a liquid and does not join the solid food for the required measurement.
A disintegrated food:[15] A solid food which has disintegrated to the point that it is now fit for drinking, leaves its status of a food [and now has a status of a liquid]. [Accordingly, such a food joins other liquids for the total of a Revius, although does not join solid foods for the total of a Kezyis.]
- Example: If a person blends a piece of apple into a smooth puree until it is entirely liquid and then drinks 50 ml of this apple puree along with 70 ml of orange juice within four minutes, the two liquids combine to a total of 120 ml. Since they are both now in liquid form, they join together for the measurement of a Revius, and an after blessing should be recited. However, if the person had eaten 50 ml of solid apple and drank 70 ml of orange juice, the two would not combine for either a Kezayis or a Revius, since solids and liquids remain distinct for these measurements.
A frozen or congealed liquid:[16] A liquid which has congealed or frozen to the point that it is now fit for eating [i.e. chewing], leaves its status of a liquid [and now has a status of a solid]. This applies even if it is still wet to the point of Tofeiach Al Menas Lehtafiach. [Accordingly, such a food joins other liquids for the total of a Revius, although does not join solid foods for the total of a Kezyis.]
- Example: If one froze orange juice into an ice pop and consumed 30 grams of it within four minutes, the ice pop is now considered a solid for halachic purposes. Therefore, it does not combine with a beverage, such as drinking 40 ml of tea, to reach a required measurement for an after blessing. However, if one were to melt the ice pop and drink the resulting juice together with the tea within four minutes, the two liquids would combine for the total of a Revius, and an after blessing would be recited accordingly.
- Two liquids:[17]
All liquids join each other for the Shiur of Revius.
- Example: If one drank 60 ml of juice and 40 ml of tea within 4 minutes, the two amounts combine to make a total of 100 ml. Since this equals a Revius, an after blessing is recited.
- Example – A drink with wine: If one drank 60 ml of juice and 40 ml of wine within 4 minutes, the some Poskim[18] rule that the two amounts combine to make a total of a Revius [i.e. 100 ml] and hence, an after blessing of Borei Nefashos [not Al Hagafen[19]] is recited. However, other Poskim[20] question as to whether any after blessing may be said as perhaps wine can join with other liquids to make up the minimum amount of a Revius. From Admur[21] it is implied an after blessing is not recited in such a case. [However, if one drank less than a Kezayis of wine, then possibly an after blessing of Borei Nefashos may be recited according to all if a Revius in total was drunk.[22]]
| Case | Foods/Liquids Involved | Measurement | Time Frame | Do They Combine? | After Blessing Recited | Notes/Examples |
| Two Solids (different after blessings) | Any two solid foods | Total Kezayis (27g) | Within 4 minutes | Yes | Less important after blessing of the two | If less than Kezayis of each, but Kezayis total, recite less important blessing |
| Zayin Minim with Borei Nefashos food | Half Kezayis Zayin Minim fruit + half Kezayis Borei Nefashos food | Total Kezayis | Within 4 minutes | Yes | Borei Nefashos | Even if other food is a fruit, recite Borei Nefashos |
| Different Zayin Minim fruits | Many different seven species fruits | Total Kezayis | Within 4 minutes | Yes | Al Hapeiros | They join for Al Hapeiros |
| Bread with Mezonos or fruits | Half Kezayis bread + half Kezayis Mezonos or Zayin Minim fruit | Total Kezayis | Within 4 minutes | Yes | Meiyn Gimel (lower level of two: Al Hamichyah or Al Hapeiros) | 15g bread + 15g cracker = Al Hamichya; bread + fruits = Al Hapeiros |
| Bread with Borei Nefashos food | Bread + Borei Nefashos food | Total Kezayis | Within 4 minutes | Yes | Borei Nefashos | |
| Mezonos with Zayin Minim fruit | Mezonos crackers + Shivas Haminim fruit | Total Kezayis | Within 4 minutes | Yes | Al Hapeiros | Lower of two after blessings |
| Cracker with spread | 15g cracker + 15g Tehini | 30g | Within 4 minutes | Yes | Borei Nefashos | Less important after blessing |
| Fruit/vegetable salad with Zayin Minim | Salad with pomegranate or raisins | Kezayis of Zayin Minim fruit | Al Hapeiros (if Haeitz recited & Kezayis eaten); otherwise Borei Nefashos | If Ha’adama recited, always Borei Nefashos | ||
| Mezonos/Hamotzi product mixed | Mezonos or Hamotzi product with other ingredients | Mere Kezayis | See Halacha 15 | |||
| Solid with liquid | One solid, one liquid | No | No after blessing (unless both minimums met separately) | If 15g cracker + 60ml juice, no after blessing | ||
| Wine with Zayin Minim fruit | 50ml wine + 40g grapes/other 7 Minim | No | No after blessing | |||
| Food with gravy/broth | Solid food + gravy/broth | 15g food + 15ml broth | Within 4 minutes | No | Broth is liquid, does not join solid for Kezayis | |
| Disintegrated food (puree) | Blended apple puree + orange juice | 50ml apple puree + 70ml orange juice | Within 4 minutes | Yes (as liquids) | After blessing for liquids | If apple is solid, does not combine with juice |
| Frozen/congealed liquid (ice pop) | Frozen orange juice ice pop + tea | 30g ice pop + 40ml tea | Within 4 minutes | No (if ice pop is solid) | If melted, both liquids combine for Revius | |
| Two liquids | Juice + tea | 60ml juice + 40ml tea | Within 4 minutes | Yes | After blessing (if total is Revius) | 100ml = Revius, after blessing recited |
| Drink with wine | Juice + wine | 60ml juice + 40ml wine | Within 4 minutes | Some Poskim: Yes; Others: Question | Borei Nefashos (some); others: possibly none | Admur: after blessing not recited |
Summary: · Solid foods can be combined to reach the required amount (Kezayis) for an after blessing, even if they are different types and have different blessings. In such cases, the lesser blessing is recited. · Solids and liquids do not combine for the required amounts, and thus do not obligate an after blessing if only together they reach the minimum. · Liquids can be combined to reach the required amount (Revius) for an after blessing. Again, the lesser blessing is recited if the drinks require different blessings. · If a solid becomes a drink (fully liquefied), it is treated as a liquid and can combine with other liquids. If a liquid is frozen solid, it is treated as a solid and does not combine with drinks. Question: I had a little bit of wine to drink while I was eating grapes. I did not have enough individually of the grapes or wine to be able to say an after blessing but if I were to join them together then it would be over the minimum amount. My question is should an after blessing be said and if so which one?
Answer: You do not say an after blessing. The explanation: Liquids and solids do not join to make up the minimum measurement required to be consumed within the time of Achilas Peras, in order to be obligated in an after blessing. This applies even if they are they same food, one a liquid and the second a solid, such as in our case when one ate grapes and drank grape juice. Sources: See Seder Birchas Hanehnin 8:8; Luach 2:9; M:A 210:1 |
[1] Seder 8:7-8; Luach 2:8-9; M”A 210:1; Kneses Hagedola 210 on Tur; Ketzos Hashulchan 59:6
[2] Seder 8:7; Luach 2:8; M”A ibid
[3] See Igros Moshe 4:42; Piskeiy Teshuvos 212:2 Kelal 5 footnote 25
Other opinions: Some Poskim rule that if one at a total of a Kezayis between the Ikar and Tafel, then even if one ate less than a Kezayis of the Ikar and ate a Kezayis of the Tafel, the Tafel joins the Ikar and one recites the after blessing of the Ikar. [Meshivas Nefesh 2:5; Daas Torah 212; Kaf Hachaim 212:2; Igros Moshe 4:42]
[4] Seder 8:7; Luach 2:8; M”A ibid
[5] Eretz Tzevi 1:29; Piskeiy Teshuvos 208:20 footnote 158
[6] M”B 210:1; Piskeiy Teshuvos ibid footnote 162
[7] Seder 8:7; Luach 2:8; M”A ibid
[8] See Ketzos Hashulchan 59 footnote 11 who leaves this matter as a Tzaruch Iyun
[9] Setimas Admur ibid; However, see Ketzos Hashulchan 59 footnote 11 who leaves this matter as a Tzaruch Iyun, and Kitzur SHU”A rules in this case to recite a Borei Nefashos
[10] Rav Alyashvili based on Luach ibid
[11] Piskeiy Teshuvos 208:14 footnotes 109-111
[12] Seder ibid; Luach ibid; M”A ibid; See also Admur 612:2
[13] Admur 207:1
[14] Seder 8:8; Luach 2:9; M”A 210:1; Ketzos Hashulchan 59:7
Other opinions in Admur: Some Poskim rule that all vegetables that are eaten together with their gravy and liquid, then they both join for the Shiur Kezayis, as all liquids which come to fix and prepare a solid are considered like solids [in this regard]. [Admur 158:6; 197:2; 612:2]
[15] Seder 8:8; Luach 2:9; Rambam Tumas Ochlin 9:2; Mishneh Taharos 3:1-2; See also Seder Netilas Yadayim 20 and Admur 158:7
[16] Seder 8:8; Luach 2:9; Rambam Tumas Ochlin 9:2; Mishneh Taharos 3:1-2; See also Seder Netilas Yadayim 20 that regarding netilas Yadayim it has to be frozen to point that it is not Tofeiach Al Menas Lehatfiach and Admur 158:7; Ketzos Hashulchan 59:7
[17] Seder ibid; Luach ibid; M”A ibid
[18] Rav Avraham Alyashvili footnote 55
[19] The reason: As one always recites the lower level after blessing of the two foods or drinks.
[20] Shaar Hatziyon 210:4; Ketzos Hashulchan 60 footnote 17; From Admur in Seder 1:21 it is implied an after blessing is not recited. The Safek: Tzaruch Iyun if Tziruf applies even if one drank a Kezayis of wine as stated in the above scenario, being that according to some opinions it deserves its after blessing of Al Hagafen in its own right, and hence should not be able to combine with other liquids to make up the Shiur Revius due to this doubt.
[21] Seder 1:21 who words the case as one who drinks less than a Revius of wine and a Revius or more of other liquids, hence implying that if he did not drink a Revius of other liquids than the after blessing is not to be recited despite Tziruf.
[22] As in such a case one has not become obligated in saying an after on the wine according to any opinion. On the other hand, perhaps the mere fact that some opinions hold that the Shiur for the after blessing of wine is a Kezayis and not a Revius therefore it is not able to join other beverages. Vetzaruch Iyun!
