Lavud of only Shesi or Eirev [horizontal or vertical bars]: It is permitted to make a four walled Sukkah using a vertical or horizontal Lavud throughout all the walls, such as to stand poles within three Tefachim of each other [i.e. Shesi/vertical Lavud], or to place strings within three Tefachim [23.5 cm.[2]] of each other for a height of ten Tefachim [82 cm.[3]] [i.e. Areiv/Horizontal Lavud]. However, if the Sukkah will only contain three walls, then at least two of the walls must be complete [throughout a length of seven Tefachim[4]] without resorting to Lavud, and even then, the third wall must contain a pole that is more than a Tefach wide and establishing many narrow poles near each other using Lavud is invalid. [This means that at least two of the walls must be seven Tefachim long without the rule of Lavud, and that the third wall must contain a pole that is larger than a Tefach long. However, see Halacha C that it is possible for one of the two walls to be four Tefachim and be within three Tefachim of the full wall, thus resorting to Lavud for two out of the three walls. The above law only applies if the entire wall is depending on the Lavud, it is however permitted to make a Lavud wall even for an only three walled Sukkah as a backup wall, such as if one makes a wall using sheets then a Lavud wall may and should be used as a backup, as explained in Halacha H.]
Lavud of Shesi and Eirev [i.e. Checkered fence]: It is permitted to make any one of the walls using both vertical and horizontal sticks or strings, similar to a fence, and it counts as a Kosher wall even by a three walled Sukkah.
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Material of the Lavud 1. Question: [Sunday, 14th Tishreiy, 5783] I am making my Sukkah walls using Lavud, as the walls are from sheets. I would like to know if there are any laws regarding what the material I use for Lavud is to be made of? May I use string and the like, or must it be made of sturdy material, such as metal?
Answer: There are no limitations or regulations in the material you use to create Lavud. It can be anything, including string. However, it should be strong enough that it does not break or become untied with the wind.
Lavud string which surrounds entire Sukkah 1. Question: [Sunday, 14th Tishreiy, 5783] I am making my Sukkah walls using Lavud, as the walls are from sheets. I would like to know if I can use a single string to wrap around all three walls of my Sukkah, or if it is necessary to cut the string, so I use an individual string for each of the three walls?
Answer: There is no need to cut the string, and you can use the same long string to wrap around all three walls to create a three walled Lavud Sukkah.
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[1] M”A 630:Hakdama; M”B 630:7; Piskeiy Teshuvos 630:2; See Shabbos 97
Other opinions: Some Poskim rule that Lavud only works vertically and not horizontally. [Maharsha, brought and negated in M”A ibid] Some Poskim rule that a Sukkah wall may never be made using Lavud of narrow sticks within three Tefach of each other. [Chazon Ish 75:12]
[2] See Shiureiy Torah p. 249 that an Ama Dochakos is 47 cm. [as opposed to 48 for a regular Ama], and accordingly a Tefach Dochakos is 7.83 cm [i.e. 1/48 of a cm times 8, deducted from 8 cnetimeters] and by the Shiur Sukkah of 7×7 one should measure with the stringent approach of an Ama Sochakos, and the same would apply here Lechumra to measure the three Tefachim as Dochakos. See also M”B 633:2 and Shaar Hatziyon 633:2 that by Sukkah we follow the stringent approach in the dimensions, either Dochakos or Sochakos, and by the 7×7 dimension we follow Sochakos, and the same would apply here by three Tefachim; See also Midos Vishureiy Torah pp. 48-57 regarding Ama Sochakos and Dochakos; Piskeiy Teshuvos 633:1 writes that its 23.4 according to Grach Nah, when taking into account the Dochakos according to Chazon Ish, as he explains there in footnote 2
Other opinions-Chazon Ish: According to the Chazon Ish, the measurement is 28.26 cm following the 9.42 measurement of Tefach Dochakos. [See Piskeiy Teshuvos ibid]
[3] See Shiureiy Torah p. 249 that an Ama Sochekes is 49 cm., and accordingly a Tefach Sochakos is 8.17 cm [i.e. 1/48 of a cm times 8.] and by the Shiur Sukkah of 7×7 one should measure with an Ama Sochakos, and the same would apply here Lechumra. Thus, its exact Shiur is 81.7 cm; See also M”B 633:2 and Shaar Hatziyon 633:2 that by Sukkah we follow the stringent approach in the dimensions, either Dochakos or Sochakos, and by the 7×7 dimension we follow Sochakos, and the same would apply here by the ten Tefach dimension; See also Midos Vishureiy Torah pp. 48-57 regarding Ama Sochakos and Dochakos; Piskeiy Teshuvos 633:1; Minchas Chinuch Mitzvah 325 who rules that by Tefachim we don’t apply the extra Dochakos or Sochakos, and this is only done by Amos
Other opinions-Chazon Ish: According to the Chazon Ish, the measurement is 98.2 cm following the 9.82 measurement of Tefach Sochakos. [See Piskeiy Teshuvos ibid]
[4] See Chazon Ish 75:10; Piskeiy Teshuvos 630 footnote 4