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Shelishi
- Laws of Karbanos:
- An Olah voluntary offering: Any Jew may volunteer to bring a Neder or Nedava Olah offering to Hashem. It is to be an unblemished male, either a male cow, sheep or goat. The Karban may not have a Mum.
- Blemishes: The following matters are defined as a Mum:
- The animal is blind
- The animal is broken
- The animal has a cut eyelid
- The animal has a wart.
- The animal has a limp
- The animal has an enlarged limb.
- The animal has crushed or destroyed reproduction organs.
- It is forbidden to castrate any animal.
- You shall not take a Karban from a stranger, it will likely have a Mum.
- Slaughtering after 8 days: When an ox, sheep, or goat, gives birth, the baby is to be with its mother for seven days. The animal may be offered from the 8th day and onwards.
- Mother and child: One may not slaughter a mother and child of an ox or sheep on the same day.
- Nosar: One may not leave the meat of the Karban over until morning.
- Mitzvah of Kiddush Hashem:
- Do not desecrate Hashem’s name, and you are to sanctify Hashem amongst the Jewish people.
📘 Rashi Q&A — Vayikra 22:17–33
22:18 — Vows and Dedications
Q1. What is meant by “נִדְרֵיהֶם” (their vows)?
A: Where one says: “I take upon myself to bring a sacrifice.”
Q2. What is meant by “נִדְבוֹתָם” (their dedications)?
A: Where one says: “This animal will be a sacrifice.”
22:19 — Acceptance of the Offering
Q3. What does “לִרְצֹנְכֶם” mean?
A: Bring something fit to appease God and attain acceptance on your behalf.
Q4. Which offerings must be “תָּמִים זָכָר”?
A: An animal ascent‑offering from cattle, sheep, or goats.
Q5. Is this requirement true for bird ascent‑offerings?
A: No. A bird need not be male or unblemished; only a missing limb disqualifies it.
22:20 — A Blemished Animal
Q6. Why may a blemished animal not be offered?
A: Because it cannot attain acceptance before God.
22:21 — Peace‑Offerings
Q7. What does “לְפַלֵּא־נֶדֶר” mean?
A: To separate an animal through verbal articulation of a vow.
Q8. What condition is repeated here for peace‑offerings?
A: To attain acceptance, the animal must be unblemished.
22:22 — Disqualifying Blemishes
Q9. What does “עַוֶּרֶת” mean?
A: The defect of blindness, expressed as a feminine noun.
Q10. What does “שָׁבוּר” mean?
A: The animal has a broken bone.
Q11. What does “חָרוּץ” describe?
A: A split or damaged eyelid or lip.
Q12. What is “יַבֶּלֶת”?
A: A wart.
Q13. What are “גָּרָב” and “יַלֶּפֶת”?
A: Two types of boils; יַלֶּפֶת clings to the body with no cure.
Q14. Why is “לֹא תַקְרִיבוּ” stated three times?
A: To prohibit
- consecrating,
- slaughtering, and
- dashing the blood of such animals.
Q15. What does “וְאִשֶּׁה לֹא תִתְּנוּ” prohibit?
A: Burning such blemished animals on the Altar.
22:23 — Dedication vs. Vow
Q16. What does “שָׂרוּעַ” mean here?
A: One limb is longer or larger than its counterpart.
Q17. What does “וְקָלוּט” mean?
A: The animal’s hooves are joined.
Q18. For what may such an animal be used?
A: As a dedication for Temple upkeep.
Q19. For what may it NOT be used?
A: It may not be used for a vow, i.e., for the Altar.
22:24 — Castrated Animals
Q20. What is meant by “מָעוּךְ”?
A: The testicles were squashed by hand.
Q21. What is “כָתוּת”?
A: More severely crushed.
Q22. What is “נָתוּק”?
A: The testicles were detached from the ducts but still in the scrotum.
Q23. What is “כָרוּת”?
A: They were severed by an instrument.
Q24. What does “וּבְאַרְצְכֶם לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ” teach?
A: The prohibition of castration applies to all species, everywhere, not only in the Land of Israel.
22:25 — Offering from a Gentile
Q25. What does “וּמִיַּד בֶּן־נֵכָר” teach?
A: One may not offer a blemished animal from a gentile on the Altar.
Q26. Why might one think this is permitted?
A: Because descendants of Noah may offer blemished animals on private altars.
Q27. Why is it prohibited here?
A: The Tabernacle Altar requires an unblemished offering.
Q28. Can gentiles bring unblemished offerings?
A: Yes — vows and dedications from gentiles are accepted.
22:27 — Age of an Offering
Q29. What does “כִּי יִוָּלֵד” exclude?
A: An animal delivered by cesarean section.
Q30. From when is the animal accepted?
A: From the eighth day onward.
22:28 — Slaughtering Parent and Offspring
Q31. To which parent does the prohibition apply?
A: Only to the mother, not the father.
Q32. Does order matter?
A: No. Slaughtering either first is prohibited.
22:29–30 — Thanksgiving Offering
Q33. What does “לִרְצֹנְכֶם תִּזְבְּחוּ” require?
A: Slaughter with the proper intention at the outset.
Q34. What intention is required?
A: That it be eaten within its permitted time.
Q35. Why state this again here?
A: To teach that improper intention during slaughter invalidates the offering.
22:31 — Study and Practice
Q36. What does “וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם” refer to?
A: Study of the commandments.
Q37. What does “וַעֲשִׂיתֶם” refer to?
A: Practical observance.
22:32 — Sanctifying God’s Name
Q38. How does one desecrate God’s Name?
A: By intentionally disobeying Him.
Q39. What does “וְנִקְדַּשְׁתִּי” add?
A: One must give oneself up to martyrdom if necessary.
Q40. Does this apply in private?
A: No — only before ten adult Jewish men.
Q41. With what attitude must one accept martyrdom?
A: Without relying on a miracle.
22:33 — Purpose of Redemption
Q42. Why does God mention taking Israel out of Egypt?
A: For the purpose of being Israel’s God.
Q43. What is emphasized by “אֲנִי ה’”?
A: God is trustworthy to pay reward.