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Recent Q&A

May an Avel who has a Yahrzeit on Shabbos or Yom Tov during the 12 monthsDaven for the Amud?

If one has a Yahrzeit of one parent on Shabbos or Yom Tov during the 12 months of Aveilus for another parent [or during Shloshim of other relative] he is nevertheless to Daven for the Amud as usual.[1] When the Yahrzeit falls on Erev Shabbos, or Shabbos, one says the Kaddish Yasom that follows the psalm of Mizmor Shir Leyom Hashabbos which concludes Kabalas Shabbos.[2] [Many are accustomed to also Daven for the Amud for Kabalas Shabbos.]

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[1] Igros Kodesh 14:430 [printed in Shulchan Menachem 5:304]; Minchas Yitzchak 9:134; Betzeil Hachochmah 4:199; See Hiskashrus 569:18; Dudaei Hasadeh 44; Vayilaket Yosef 14:41; Poskim in Nitei Gavriel 56:2; Piskeiy Teshuvos 287 footnote 73; However, see Divrei Malkiel 6:23

[2] Sefer Hamamarim 5708 p. 147; Sefer Haminhagim [English] p. 52 and 180 regarding Yahrzeit falling on Friday and footnote 213 regarding Shabbos; Igros Kodesh 3:20 regarding both Shabbos and Friday [brought in Shulchan Menachem 5:327]

The reason: If the Yahrzeit falls on Friday he is to say the Kaddish as ideally Melacha is permitted until Barchu is recited, and it is hence part of the Friday prayers. [footnote of Rebbe in Sefer Haminhagim ibid based on Admur 261:7] It goes without saying that this Kaddish is recited by one whose Yahrzeit is on Shabbos as it is said as part of the Shabbos prayers, as well as that it is today always said after sunset when the Yahrzeit has already begun. [See Shulchan Menachem ibid footnote 10]

Not to leave foods uncovered

Uncovered foods:

One is to initially be careful to not leave any of his food uncovered, in order so venomous insects, such as spiders, do not enter inside and leave their saliva in it which can prove poisonous to the eater. [Likewise, certain insects, such as flies, may leave eggs in the food. Likewise, a bug may die while in the food and one may come to eat it. Accordingly, due to all these reasons one should always initially covers food.] Nonetheless, if food was left uncovered one does not have to worry of the above and the food is permitted to be eaten. [This applies even if one sees ants surrounding the pot of food, so long as one does not see any bugs inside.^[1]]

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[1] Imreiy Yaakov 10 Biurim 4

The reason: As 1) We do not assume an Issur has occurred unless witnessed [i.e. Achzukine Issura Lo Machzakinin]; 2) The entire issue of a Biryah is Rabbinical [Taz Y.D. 100:1] and in a case of doubt we are lenient. [Imrei Yaakov ibid; See Darkei Teshuvah 100:17]

May one throw crumbs of bread onto the floor?

Only in an area in which people don’t walk, otherwise it can cause poverty r”l.

See

How to treat crumbs of bread – Destroying, belittling, throwing on floor

I heard that there exists a Segula for passing tests and exams to eat the crumbs of Challah from the Challah board? Is this true, or is it mere Narashkite?

Indeed, such a Segula does exist regarding good memory.

See Sefer Tomar Devora 5:3 in name of Chasam Sofer that it is a Segula for good memory to eat the crumbs, and not destroy them or discard them; Yesod Yosef 22 in name of Mekubalim that doing so is a Segula for Tikkun of Keri

May one add lemon juice to avocado dip on Shabbos?

Yes, to season the food.

See SSH”K 8:17; Piskeiy Teshuvos 321:28 footnote 233 and 303; Ketzos Hashulchan 130 footnote 19